Table 3.

Overview of 47 studies using only one type of intervention strategy (information communication, incentives, or infrastructural modifications).

Four main groups of outcome measures have been shown in the graph- KAP- Waste segregation knowledge/attitude/intention, Waste Audit- Waste weight/volume and/or Waste composition analysis/pick analysis, Participation- Participation in waste segregation/recycling/composting scheme/intervention (participant self-reported/author measured), and Other-request for compliance/diversion rate.

Effect direction is represented by the direction of the arrow: upward arrow ▲ = positive health impact, downward arrow ▼ = negative health impact, sideways arrow ◄► = no change/mixed effects/conflicting findings while X indicates that the said outcome was not measured by the study.

Size of the arrow shows the sample size of the study [Large arrow (Font size 20) - ▲ >300; medium arrow (Font size 14) ▲ 50–300; small arrow (Font size 8) ▲ <50.

Study quality is shown through colour of the cell: green = low risk of bias; amber = some concerns; red = high risk of bias and to classify into these groups, the risk of bias scores of individual studies were divided into tertiles.

This effect direction plot has been created following published methodology (Boon and Thomas 2021).

^aStudy designs: N-nonrandomised; R-randomised; MA-Multi-arm/multiple interventions; C-controlled; NoC-non-controlled; CBA-controlled before-after; BA-non-controlled before-after.