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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2022 Sep 12;273(2):411–425. doi: 10.1007/s00406-022-01480-y

TABLE 1.

Demographic characteristics of subjects

Group Manner of Death SUD diagnoses ASB diagnoses Other comorbid disorders
Unaffected Controls ACCIDENTAL / / /
NATURAL / / /
NATURAL / / /
ACCIDENTAL / / /
NATURAL / / /
ACCIDENTAL / / /
NATURAL / / /
NATURAL / / /
NATURAL / / /
SUD only NATURAL Alcohol (S); tobacco (M); Opioids (M); Cocaine (M) / /
NATURAL Alcohol (S); Sedatives (Mi) / Anxiety disorder
NATURAL Alcohol (Mi) / Seizure disorder
ACCIDENTAL Alcohol (Mi); Cocaïne (Mi); Opioids (Mi) / /
PENDING Alcohol (Mi); Cocaine (S); Cannabis (M) / /
ACCIDENTAL Alcohol (M); Tobacco (M); opioids (Mi) / /
NATURAL Alcohol (M); Cannabis (M); Tobacco (M) / /
ACCIDENTAL Alcohol (Mi); Cocaïne (Mi); Hallucinogens (Mi) / /
ACCIDENTAL Amphetamines (M); Tobacco (M); Cannabis (Mi) / /
SUD+ASB NATURAL Alcohol (S); Opioids (M); Sedatives (M) ASPD /
ACCIDENTAL Alcohol (M); Cocaine (Mi); Cannabis (Mi) CD (childhood onset) Dysthymia
ACCIDENTAL Alcohol (S); Opioids (Mi) CD (adolescence onset); Intermittent explosive disorder
NATURAL Alcohol (S), Tobacco (S); Sedatives (M); Opioids (M); Amphetamines (Mi) ASPD Unspecified depressive disorder Borderline personality disorder
ACCIDENTAL Alcohol (S); Cocaine (S); Cannabis (M); Opioids (Mi) ASPD Major depressive disorder, Single episode
ACCIDENTAL Cannabis (M); Alcohol (Mi); Opioids (Mi); Sedatives (Mi); Cocaine (Mi) ASPD /
SUICIDE Cannabis (Mi) CD (adolescence onset); ASPD; Major depressive disorder, Single episode; learning disorders; Borderline personality disorder
ACCIDENTAL Tobacco, opioids (S); Cannabis (M); Alcohol (Mi) CD (unspecified onset); ASPD Unspecified depressive disorder; Gambling disorder; ADHD; trauma and stress-reated disorder
ACCIDENTAL Opioids, Tobacco (S); Alcohol (M); Cocaine (Mi) CD (unspecified onset); Disruptive, impulse-control disorder

S: severe; M: moderate; Mi: mild