Figure 3.

Validation of adsorption capacity of nanomaterials with different concentration gradients on inflammatory factors/LPS/NGF. The remaining concentrations of TNF-α (A), IL-1β (B), IL-6 (C), IFN-γ (D), LPS (E), and NGF (F) were detected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), after coculturing with MnO₂ nanoparticles, MnO₂@MNP nanoparticles, and MnO₂@TMNP nanoparticles at different concentrations. The initial concentrations of cytokines, LPS and NGF were 500 pg/mL. Data are presented as the mean ± SD (n = 3): ns, not significant; ****, p < 0.0001 between groups.