Skip to main content
. 2024 Feb 1;12(2):e1167. doi: 10.1002/iid3.1167

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Cytokine responses in children and elderly during the acute phase of COVID‐19. Plasma levels of interferon (IFN)γ, interleukin (IL)‐2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α, IL‐1α, IL‐1β, IFNα, and IFNβ; IL‐6, IL‐12, IL‐15, IL‐17A, IL‐3, IL‐7, G‐CSF, and GM‐CSF, as well as IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐13, IL‐10, IL‐25, IL‐33, and IL‐1Ra were quantified in acute COVID‐19 children (n = 12), convalescent COVID‐19 children (n = 19), acute elderly COVID‐19 individuals (n = 35), and convalescent elderly COVID‐19 individuals (n = 114). In the graphical representation, the maroon color corresponds to acute COVID‐19 children, pink represents convalescent COVID‐19 children, dark blue denotes acute elderly COVID‐19 individuals, and light blue signifies convalescent elderly COVID‐19 individuals. The data are presented as boxes and whiskers, with each circle representing an individual. Statistical significance (p values) was determined using the Mann–Whitney U test with Holm's analysis for multiple comparisons. G‐CSF, granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor; GM‐CSF, granulocyte macrophage‐colony stimulating factor.