TABLE 3.
Demographic and socio-economic characteristics of households and individual study participants (n = 84)
| Variable | Value1 |
|---|---|
| Individual characteristics | |
| Age, y | 37.9 + 13.3 |
| Household characteristics2 | |
| Household size | 13.8 + 8.7 |
| Education of head of household | |
| None | 68 (81.0) |
| Primary | 6 (7.1) |
| Secondary or higher | 10 (11.9) |
| Food insecurity, moderate or severe | 53 (63.1) |
| Household water source | |
| Surface water | 44 (52.4) |
| Unimproved | 0 (0) |
| Improved | 40 (47.6) |
| Household sanitation facility | |
| Open defecation (no facility) | 62 (73.8) |
| Unimproved | 4 (4.8) |
| Improved | 18 (21.4) |
| Electricity in household | 75 (89.3) |
| Mobile phone owned by at least one member of household | 78 (92.9) |
1
Value mean + SD or n (%).
2
Food security assessed using the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) [26]; Household water source and sanitation facility defined using the WHO UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme ladders [45, 46]. Improved sanitation facilities are those designed to hygienically separate excreta from human contact and include flush/pour flush toilets and pit latrines with slabs (including ventilated pit latrines). Unimproved sanitation facilities include pit latrines without a slab or platform.