TABLE 1.

Production of IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-5 from splenic mononuclear cells stimulated with H. hepaticus antigens in culture^a

Culture	Cytokine production (pg/ml [mean ± SD])
	IFN-γ	IL-4	IL-5
Medium alone	23 ± 31	NDb	12 ± 16
Spleen cells
Infected	434 ± 97	ND	34 ± 42
Control	61 ± 51	ND	7 ± 9

^aSplenic mononuclear cells were isolated from mice at 9 months p.i. and then stimulated in culture for 72 h with outer membrane proteins from H. hepaticus at 10 μg/ml. IFN-γ production was significantly higher from cells from infected mice than from control cells (P < 0.006, n = 5 infected mice and 9 controls), approximately a sevenfold difference. Both IL-4 and IL-5 were essentially undetectable except for cells stimulated by ConA as a positive control for the assay (see text). Data are representative of multiple experiments. 

^bND, not detectable.