Table 2.
Characteristics of animal model studies
| Study (year) | Species | BDQ MIC (mg/L) | Route of infection | Animal strain | Number of mice (N) | BDQ dosage (mg/kg) | Route of drug administration | Treatment regimen (n) | Duration of treatment and follow-up | Outcome measured by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chauffour et al. (2016)55 | M. ulcerans | N/R | Infecting two footpads | Female BALB/c/mice | 60 | 25 | Oral gavage | RFP + BDQ (60) | Up to 4 weeks and follow up till 28 weeks | Lesion index and cfu/footpad |
| Converse et al. (2019)9 | M. ulcerans | 0.125 | Infecting both hind footpads | BALB/c mice | 116 | 25 | Oral gavage | RIF + RFP + CLF + BDQ (29) | Up to 2 weeks and follow-up till 28 weeks | Lesion index and cfu/footpad |
| RFP + BDQ + Q203 (29) | ||||||||||
| RFP + CLF + BDQ + Q203 (29) | ||||||||||
| CLF + BDQ + Q203 (29) | ||||||||||
| Ji et al. (2006)56 | M. ulcerans | N/R | Infecting the left hind footpad subcutaneously | Female BALB/c/mice | 40 | 25 | Oral gavage | BDQ (20) | Up to 8 weeks | cfu/footpad |
| RIF + BDQ (20) | ||||||||||
| Komm et al. (2021)57 | M. ulcerans | N/R | Subcutaneously in both hind footpads | BALB/c mice and Fox Chase SCID Beige mice | 59 | 25 | Oral gavage | BDQ + Q203 (59) | Up to 10 days and follow up till 17 weeks | Lesion index and cfu/footpad |
| Le Moigne et al. (2020)58 | M. abscessus | 0.125 | Intratracheally | C3HeB/FeJ mice | 20 | 30 | Oral gavage | BDQ (10) | Up to 3 weeks | cfu/organ (lung, spleen and liver) |
| BDQ + IPM(10) | ||||||||||
| Lerat et al. (2014)10 | M. abscessus | 0.5 | Intravenously via tail vein | Nude mice | 15 | 25 | Oesophageal gavage | BDQ (15) | Up to 8 weeks | cfu/organ (lung, spleen and kidney) |
| Lounis et al. (2009)59 | M. avium | N/R | Infected intraperitoneally | Female C57BL/6J mice | 80 | 25 | N/R | BDQ (20) | Up to 16 weeks | cfu on the spleen |
| BDQ + CLR (20) | ||||||||||
| BDQ + AMK (20) | ||||||||||
| BDQ + CLR + AMK (20) | ||||||||||
| Obregón-Henao et al. (2015)60 | M. abscessus | 1 ± 0.01 | Intravenously via tail | GKO−/− mice lack IFN and SCID mice | 30 | 30 | Subcutaneous injection | BDQ (15) | Up to 2 weeks | cfu/organ (lung, spleen and liver) |
| BDQ + CLF (15) | ||||||||||
| Sarathy et al. (2020)61 | M. abscessus | N/R | Intranasal | Female NOD.CB17-Prkdcscid/NCrCrl mice | 12 | 20 | Oral gavage | BDQ (12) | Up to 2 weeks | cfu/organ (lung and spleen) |
N, total number of treated mice in BDQ/BDQ-including regimen in the study; n, number of mice in each treatment group; N/R, not reported. RFP, rifapentine; BDQ, bedaquiline; RIF, rifampicin; Q203, telacebec; IPM, imipenem; CLR, clarithromycin.