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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Jun 2.
Published in final edited form as: J Proteome Res. 2023 Apr 5;22(6):1682–1694. doi: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00731

Figure 6.

Figure 6.

Summary of most relevant pathways linked to an ActJ activity in S. meliloti. The figure constitutes an overall scheme for the current model depicting the adaptation of S. meliloti to acid stress, involving the key functional pathways operating in the different subcellular compartments at either pH 7.0 (left panel) or pH 5.6 (right panel). The intact arrows denote upregulated pathways and the blocked arrows downregulated pathways in the presence of ActJ. The putative regulations are represented by dashed arrows and the experimentally confirmed regulation by solid arrows. This bacterium exhibits a global response at low pH resulting from the cellular deterioration caused by acid stress. In S. meliloti, ActJ could trigger the various mechanisms illustrated to cope specifically with acid stress, such as an increase in the degP1 and actJK expression, a downregulation of EPS synthesis, and changes in the cell envelope, all of which modulations would contribute to the resistance to an acidic challenge.