Table 3.
Mean Fat Fractions (%) and SD at Baseline and Follow-up, Percentage of Worsening (95%), p Values and Standardized Response Means of All Orofacial Muscles, Upper Leg Muscles, and Lower Leg Muscles
| Baseline fat fraction Mean (SD) |
Follow-up fat fraction Mean (SD) |
Absolute change in fat fraction (95% CI) | Relative change in fat fraction (95% CI) | p Value | SRM | |
| Orofacial muscles | ||||||
| Masseter L | 10.6 (7.1) | 11.6 (8.1) | 1.0 (−0.6 to 2.5) | 9.4 (−5.7 to 23.6) | 0.236 | 0.19 |
| Masseter R | 10.6 (6.1) | 12.2 (7.4) | 1.6 (0.1 to 3.1) | 15.0 (0.9 to 29.2) | 0.043 | 0.35 |
| Pterygoid medialis | 9.6 (4.7) | 11.4 (9.8) | 1.8 (−0.5 to 4.0) | 18.8 (−5.2 to 41.7) | 0.122 | 0.26 |
| Tongue | 37.0 (17.0) | 39.8 (19.2) | 2.8 (1.0 to 4.7) | 7.6 (2.7 to 12.7) | 0.003 | 0.50 |
| Mean orofacial muscles | 19.1 (7.6) | 21.0 (9.3) | 1.9 (0.6 to 3.3) | 9.9 (3.1 to 17.3) | 0.005 | 0.50 |
| Upper leg muscles | ||||||
| Adductor Longus | 13.7 (19.4) | 15.8 (21.9) | 2.1 (0.4 to 3.8) | 15.3 (2.9 to 27.7) | 0.015 | 0.40 |
| Adductor Magnus | 30.3 (26.4) | 33.6 (27.7) | 3.3 (1.9 to 4.6) | 10.9 (6.3 to 15.2) | <0.001 | 0.79 |
| Biceps femoris long head | 18.1 (16.6) | 21.1 (18.0) | 3.0 (1.9 to 4.0) | 16.6 (10.5 to 22.1) | <0.001 | 0.91 |
| Biceps femoris short head | 11.3 (10.5) | 13.5 (12.4) | 2.2 (0.7 to 3.6) | 19.5 (6.2 to 31.9) | 0.004 | 0.49 |
| Gracilis | 8.1 (5.8) | 8.3 (5.9) | 0.2 (−0.4 to 0.8) | 2.5 (−4.9 to 9.9) | 0.487 | 0.11 |
| Rectus femoris | 6.8 (4.8) | 7.0 (4.9) | 0.2 (−0.3 to 0.7) | 2.9 (−4.4 to 10.3) | 0.384 | 0.12 |
| Sartorius | 12.8 (10.5) | 13.8 (11.9) | 1.0 (0.1 to 2.0) | 7.8 (0.8 to 15.6) | 0.036 | 0.33 |
| Semimembranosus | 17.5 (15.5) | 20.3 (17.1) | 2.8 (1.4 to 4.1) | 16.0 (8.0 to 23.4) | <0.001 | 0.67 |
| Semitendinosus L | 11.5 (10.9) | 13.2 (12.0) | 1.7 (0.6 to 2.7) | 14.8 (5.2 to 23.5) | 0.002 | 0.52 |
| Semitendinosus R | 11.4 (11.4) | 11.9 (11.4) | 0.5 (−0.3 to 1.2) | 4.4 (−2.6 to 10.5) | 0.243 | 0.21 |
| Vastus Intermedius | 11.0 (10.8) | 12.7 (13.5) | 1.7 (0.7 to 2.8) | 15.5 (6.4 to 25.5) | 0.002 | 0.53 |
| Vastus Lateralis | 7.8 (6.1) | 8.4 (7.1) | 0.6 (0.1 to 1.3) | 7.7 (1.3 to 16.7) | 0.091 | 0.29 |
| Vastus Medialis | 10.3 (11.1) | 11.7 (12.5) | 1.4 (0.5 to 2.3) | 13.6 (4.9 to 22.3) | 0.004 | 0.50 |
| Mean upper leg muscles | 13.2 (10.9) | 14.9 (11.9) | 1.7 (0.8 to 2.4) | 12.9 (6.1 to 18.2) | <0.001 | 0.64 |
| Lower leg muscles | ||||||
| Extensor Digitorum/Hallucis Longus | 13.2 (11.4) | 15.1 (13.2) | 1.9 (0.8 to 3.0) | 14.4 (6.1 to 22.7) | 0.001 | 0.58 |
| Flexor Digitorum Longus | 7.4 (4.4) | 7.3 (4.5) | −0.1 (−0.8 to 0.7) | −1.4 (−10.8 to 9.5) | 0.877 | −0.05 |
| Gastrocnemius Lateralis | 9.5 (8.0) | 12.0 (10.9) | 2.5 (1.3 to 3.9) | 26.3 (13.7 to 41.1) | <0.001 | 0.68 |
| Gastrocnemius Medialis | 15.5 (16.6) | 17.5 (17.2) | 2.0 (1.1 to 2.9) | 12.9 (7.1 to 18.7) | <0.001 | 0.71 |
| Peroneus Brevis/Peroneus Longus | 15.2 (10.3) | 16.9 (11.8) | 1.7 (0.8 to 2.6) | 11.2 (5.3 to 17.1) | 0.001 | 0.63 |
| Soleus | 28.8 (21.7) | 32.6 (23.2) | 3.8 (2.5 to 5.1) | 13.2 (8.7 to 17.7) | <0.001 | 0.95 |
| Tibialis Anterior L | 7.3 (5.4) | 7.9 (6.4) | 0.6 (−0.1 to 1.4) | 8.2 (−1.4 to 19.2) | 0.098 | 0.27 |
| Tibialis Anterior R | 7.9 (6.7) | 8.6 (6.8) | 0.7 (0.1 to 1.4) | 8.9 (1.3 to 17.7) | 0.034 | 0.35 |
| Tibialis Posterior | 10.7 (8.7) | 12.6 (10.7) | 1.9 (0.8 to 3.0) | 17.8 (7.5 to 28.0) | 0.001 | 0.59 |
| Mean lower leg muscles | 13.7 (9.6) | 15.4 (11.0) | 1.7 (1.0 to 2.3) | 12.4 (7.3 to 16.8) | <0.001 | 0.89 |
Abbreviation: SRM = standardized response mean.
When no significant difference is present between left and right side, the muscle is represented in mean. p values in bold are statistically significant after Bonferroni correction.