Table 1.
Clinical and Polysomnographic Features in Different Diagnostic Groups
| Variable | sEDS (n = 63) | CNS HS (n = 25) | NT1 (n = 112) | p Value | ||||
| % | n | % | n | % | n | |||
| Sex, male | 68.3 | 43 | 40.0 | 10 | 56.3 | 63 | 0.045a | |
| HLA-DQB1*0602 | 10.0 | 4 | 16.0 | 4 | 94.5 | 104 | <0.001a | |
| 23 missing | 2 missing | |||||||
| Cataplexy | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 98.2 | 108 | <0.001a | |
| 2 missing | ||||||||
| Sleep paralyses | 13.0 | 7 | 16.0 | 4 | 30.0 | 33 | 0.034a | |
| 2 missing | ||||||||
| Hallucinations | 7.4 | 4 | 16.0 | 4 | 46.4 | 51 | <0.001a | |
| 2 missing | ||||||||
| Disturbed nocturnal sleep | 17.0 | 9 | 12.0 | 3 | 47.7 | 51 | <0.001a | |
| 5 missing | ||||||||
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Post hocc | ||
| Age | 11.8 | 4.1 | 14.88 | 2.45 | 11.75 | 3.38 | 0.003b | 1: <0.001 2: 1.00 3: <0.001 |
| CSF hcrt-1 | 346.4 | 51.8 | 336.97 | 40.25 | 30.02 | 53.89 | <0.001b | 1: 1.00 2: <0.001 3: <0.001 |
| Disease onset age | 10.2 | 4.6 | 12.74 | 3.85 | 9.22 | 3.00 | <0.001b | 1: 0.011 2: 0.084 3: <0.001 |
| Disease duration | 2.0 | 3 | 2.14 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.9 | 0.610b | |
| aESS | 10.0 | 4.8 | 12.7 | 5.7 | 14.6 | 3.4 | 0.003b | 1: 0.104 2: <0.001 3: 0.111 |
| BMI Z-score | 0.61 | 1.05 | 0.31 | 1.29 | 1.24 | 1.02 | <0.001b | 1: 0.76 2: 0.001 3: 0.001 |
| N-PSG | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||
| n-SL (min) | 17.3 | 16.7 | 10.0 | 15.1 | 5.5 | 7.3 | <0.001 | 1: 0.152 2: <0.001 3: 0.002 |
| n-REML (min) | 84.9 | 35.9 | 73.2 | 32.7 | 26.1 | 48.0 | <0.001 | 1: 0.469 2: <0.001 3: <0.001 |
| n-TST (min) | 479.4 | 64.0 | 434.1 | 123.3 | 471.5 | 75.0 | 0.099 | |
| n-TIB (min) | 520.1 | 68.5 | 467.6 | 125.6 | 528.7 | 76.5 | 0.067 | |
| SE (%) | 92.5 | 4.7 | 91.8 | 12.5 | 89.7 | 7.7 | 0.012 | 1: 0.790 2: 0.044 3: 0.039 |
| N1% (% of TST) | 5.5 | 3.5 | 7.6 | 6.6 | 10.7 | 4.7 | 0.000 | 1: 0.221 2: <0.001 3: <0.001 |
| N2% (% of TST) | 41.0 | 10.6 | 41.1 | 10.8 | 39.5 | 8.3 | 0.116 | |
| N3% (% of TST) | 29.3 | 10.2 | 29.2 | 10.8 | 26.1 | 9.2 | 0.553 | |
| REM% (% of TST) | 23.9 | 4.3 | 22.2 | 6.6 | 23.5 | 5.7 | 0.564 | |
| MSLT | ||||||||
| MSLT SL (min) | 16.5 | 2.5 | 10.6 | 4.2 | 3.6 | 2.9 | <0.001 | 1: 0.005 2: <0.001 3: <0.001 |
| SOREMP (n) | 0.08 | 0.28 | 1.00 | 1.26 | 4.25 | 0.99 | <0.001 | 1: 0.094 2: <0.001 3: <0.001 |
| D-PSG | ||||||||
| dn-Nap (n) | 1.06 | 0.97 | 1.56 | 1.29 | 2.81 | 1.82 | <0.001 | 1: 0.128 2: <0.001 3: 0.001 |
| d-TST (min) | 78.5 | 76.0 | 98.0 | 88.3 | 137.2 | 73.2 | 0.003 | 1: 0.613 2: <0.001 3: 0.017 |
| d-SOREMPs (n) | 0.06 | 0.25 | 0.44 | 0.77 | 2.00 | 1.48 | <0.001 | 1: 0.151 2: <0.001 3: <0.001 |
Abbreviations: CNS HS = central disorders of hypersomnolence; d = daytime; dn-NAP = number of daytime naps; MSLT = multiple sleep latency test; n = nocturnal; N1, N2, and N3 = non-REM sleep stage 1, 2, and 3; NT1 = narcolepsy type 1; REML = REM sleep latency; SE = sleep efficiency; sEDS = subjective excessive daytime sleepiness; SL = sleep latency; SOREMP = sleep-onset REM period; TIB = time in bed; TST = total sleep time.
a
χ2 test.
b
Kruskal-Wallis test.
c
Post hoc: 1 = sEDS vs CNS HS; 2 = sEDS vs NT1; 3 = CNS HS vs NT1.