. 2023 Dec 14;45(5):346–365. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad783

Table 3.

Valve-sparing pacing and implantable cardioverter defibrillator strategies

Pacemakers	ICDs
Epicardial leads CS lead⁷¹ His-bundle pacing (atrial side) Leadless pacemaker*	S-ICD/EV-ICD Standalone ICD coil in the azygos vein or CS (connected to the RV port of a DF-1 ICD) coupled with anterolateral subcutaneous ‘SQ’ array + epicardial/CS pacing lead (connected to IS-1 RV port)⁷² ICD lead in middle cardiac vein (check for absence of diaphragmatic myopotential over-sensing)⁷³ DF-1 ICD lead in low right atrium with epicardial or CS pacing lead⁷² Epicardial SQ-array + pacing lad or ICD lead on epicardium.

Pacemakers

ICDs

Epicardial leads
CS lead⁷¹
His-bundle pacing (atrial side)
Leadless pacemaker*

S-ICD/EV-ICD
Standalone ICD coil in the azygos vein or CS (connected to the RV port of a DF-1 ICD) coupled with anterolateral subcutaneous ‘SQ’ array + epicardial/CS pacing lead (connected to IS-1 RV port)⁷²
ICD lead in middle cardiac vein (check for absence of diaphragmatic myopotential over-sensing)⁷³
DF-1 ICD lead in low right atrium with epicardial or CS pacing lead⁷²
Epicardial SQ-array + pacing lad or ICD lead on epicardium.

CS, coronary sinus; ICD, implantable cardioverter defibrillator; EV-ICD, extra-vascular ICD; RV, right ventricle; S-ICD, subcutaneous ICD.