Table 1.
Patient characteristics
| Characteristic | All cases (n=55) | Skeletal muscle index |
p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal (n=38) | Low (n=17) | |||
| Age (yr) | 67 (40–82) | 66 (43–82) | 70 (40–79) | 0.518a) |
| Sex, male | 28 (50.9) | 24 (63.2) | 4 (23.5) | 0.009b) |
| Performance status, 0/1 | 52/3 | 35/3 | 17/0 | 0.544b) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 20.9 (14.6–37.9) | 21.2 (15.6–37.9) | 20.1 (14.6–24.2) | 0.071a) |
| Albumin at FCSEMS insertion (g/dL) | 3.6 (2.2–4.5) | 3.6 (2.2–4.5) | 3.5 (2.7–4.3) | 0.819a) |
| Total bilirubin at FCSEMS insertion (mg/dL) | 1.4 (0.4–29.6) | 1.3 (0.4–29.6) | 1.4 (0.6–10.3) | 0.591a) |
| CRP at FCSEMS insertion (mg/dL) | 0.24 (0.01–14.90) | 0.23 (0.01–9.44) | 0.32 (0.05–14.90) | 0.428a) |
| Most recent CA19-9 at the time of FCSEMS insertion (U/mL) | 189 (1–4,150) | 102 (1–4,150) | 340 (27–2,690) | 0.094a) |
| Resectability classification, resectable/borderline resectable | 27/28 | 20/18 | 7/10 | 0.562b) |
| Tumor diameter at FCSEMS insertion (mm) | 27 (12–47) | 27 (12–46) | 26 (15–47) | 0.578a) |
| Main pancreatic duct diameter (mm) | 7.4 (2.6–13.8) | 6.7 (2.6–13.8) | 8.2 (3.2–11.0) | 0.135a) |
| Duodenal invasion at FCSEMS insertion, yes | 12 (21.8) | 9 (23.7) | 3 (17.6) | 0.735b) |
| Cholestasis at FCSEMS insertion, yes | 18 (32.7) | 10 (26.3) | 8 (47.1) | 0.213b) |
| The FCSEMS diameter, 8 mm/10 mm | 50/5 | 36/2 | 14/3 | 0.165b) |
| The FCSEMS length, 6 cm/<6 cm | 43/12 | 29/9 | 14/3 | 0.735b) |
| EST prior to FCSEMS placement, yes | 31 (56.4) | 19 (50.0) | 12 (70.6) | 0.240b) |
| NAT regimen | 0.351c) | |||
| S-1 plus RT | 8 (14.5) | 6 (15.8) | 2 (11.8) | |
| FOLFIRINOX | 5 (9.1) | 3 (7.9) | 2 (11.8) | |
| Gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel | 17 (30.9) | 9 (23.7) | 8 (47.1) | |
| Gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel plus RT | 3 (5.5) | 3 (7.9) | 0 (0) | |
| Gemcitabine plus S-1 | 22 (40.0) | 17 (44.7) | 5 (29.4) | |
| NAT including RT, yes | 11 (20.0) | 9 (23.7) | 2 (11.8) | 0.471b) |
| Response evaluation in primary tumors, PD/SD/PR/CR | 6/40/9/0 | 4/26/8/0 | 2/14/1/0 | 0.371c) |
| Prehabilitation, yes | 21 (38.2) | 16 (42.1) | 5 (29.4) | 0.549b) |
| Curative resection performed, yes | 42 (76.4) | 30 (78.9) | 12 (70.6) | 0.511b) |
| R, 0/1 | 31/11 | 24/6 | 7/5 | 0.243b) |
| Evans grade, Ⅰ/Ⅱa/Ⅱb/Ⅲ/Ⅳ | 6/26/8/1/1 | 4/18/7/1/0 | 2/8/1/0/1 | 0.401c) |
| Time to the date of surgical resection performed or the non-resection decision (day) | 86 (38–180) | 80 (38–119) | 98 (58–180) | 0.013a) |
Values are presented as median (range) or number (%).
FCSEMS, fully covered self-expandable metal stent; CRP, C-reactive protein; CA19-9, carbohydrate antigen 19-9; EST, endoscopic sphincterotomy; NAT, neoadjuvant chemo(radiation) therapy; RT, radiation therapy; FOLFIRINOX, irinotecan, oxaliplatin, leucovorin, and fluorouracil; PD, progressive disease; SD, stable disease; PR, partial response; CR, complete response.
a)
Mann-Whitney U-test,
b)
Fisher exact test,
c)
chi-squared test.