Table 2.
Univariate and multivariate analyses of risk factors for short time to recurrent biliary obstruction
| Risk factor | Univariate |
Multivariate |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | p-value | HR (95% CI) | p-value | |
| Skeletal muscle index, low (vs. normal) | 7.452 (1.550–35.821) | 0.012 | 5.707 (1.148–28.381) | 0.033 |
| Age ≥67 yr | 1.049 (0.300–3.668) | 0.940 | ||
| Sex, female (vs. male) | 1.843 (0.457–7.439) | 0.390 | ||
| Performance status, 1 (vs. 0) | 0.046 (0.000–109,736) | 0.681 | ||
| Body mass index ≥20.9 kg/m2 | 2.107 (0.543–8.168) | 0.281 | ||
| Albumin at FCSEMS insertion ≥3.6 g/dL | 1.987 (0.550–7.181) | 0.295 | ||
| Total bilirubin at FCSEMS insertion ≥1.4 mg/dL | 1.459 (0.410–5.185) | 0.560 | ||
| CRP at FCSEMS insertion ≥0.24 mg/dL | 1.337 (0.369–4.837) | 0.658 | ||
| Most recent CA19-9 at the time of FCSEMS insertion ≥189 U/mL | 2.044 (0.524–7.969) | 0.303 | ||
| Resectability classification, borderline resectable (vs. resectable) | 1.876 (0.482–7.302) | 0.365 | ||
| Tumor diameter at FCSEMS insertion ≥27 mm | 1.236 (0.342–4.465) | 0.747 | ||
| Main pancreatic duct diameter ≥7.4 mm | 0.440 (0.119–1.623) | 0.218 | ||
| Duodenal invasion at FCSEMS insertion, yes | 1.712 (0.436–6.727) | 0.441 | ||
| Cholestasis at FCSEMS insertion, yes | 3.306 (0.912–11.983) | 0.069 | 1.985 (0.532–7.405) | 0.307 |
| FCSEMS diameter, 10 mm (vs. 8 mm) | 0.633 (0.077–5.189) | 0.670 | ||
| FCSEMS length, >6 cm (vs. 6 cm) | 0.678 (0.143–3.221) | 0.625 | ||
| EST prior to FCSEMS placement, yes | 2.202 (0.561–8.634) | 0.258 | ||
| NAT including RT, yes | 0.726 (0.151–3.487) | 0.689 | ||
| Response evaluation in primary tumors, PD (vs. SD, PR, or CR) | 2.208 (0.457–10.660) | 0.324 | ||
| Prehabilitation, yes | 0.228 (0.029–1.816) | 0.163 | 0.369 (0.044–3.127) | 0.361 |
| Time to the date of surgical resection performed or the non-resection decision ≥86 days | 2.119 (0.410–10.965) | 0.370 | ||
HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; FCSEMS, fully covered self-expandable metal stent; CRP, C-reactive protein; CA19-9, carbohydrate antigen 19-9; EST, endoscopic sphincterotomy; NAT, neoadjuvant chemo(radiation) therapy; RT, radiation therapy; PD, progressive disease; SD, stable disease; PR, partial response; CR, complete response.