Table 2.

Primary and secondary pain outcomes at 1 year.

	Flexion group (n = 27)	Extension group (n = 29)	Unadjusted mean between group difference (95% CI)	Adjusted mean between group difference (95% CI)*
Primary outcome
Average pain	3.78 (3.30–4.32)	2.26 (1.59–3.23)	1.52 (0.56–2.47)†	1.38 (0.43–2.32)†
Secondary outcome: pain subscales
Current pain	3.64 (3.13–4.25)	1.83 (1.20–2.79)	1.81 (0.86–2.77)†	1.73 (0.76–2.70)†
Worst pain	4.58 (3.96–5.30)	4.06 (3.25–5.07)	0.52 (− 0.60 to 1.65)	0.51 (− 0.63 to 1.64)
Least pain	1.82 (1.47–2.24)	0.80 (0.49–1.31)	1.01 (0.46–1.56)†	0.92 (0.35–1.48)†
Pain interference	3.36 (2.77–4.06)	2.17 (1.48–3.16)	1.19 (0.15–2.23)†	1.20 (0.16–2.24)†

Generalized linear mixed models comparing between-group difference were used for multiple comparisons. Values were presented as least-squares mean (95% CI).

Scores of primary and secondary outcome range from 0 to 10, with higher values indicating more severe pain or interference on daily life activity.

CI confidence interval.

*Adjusted mean between group differences at the time point were estimated after adjustments for age, sex, and body mass index at baseline.

^†P for between-group difference < 0.05.