Table 3.

Functional scales at 1 year.

	Flexion group (n = 27)	Extension group (n = 29)	Unadjusted mean between group difference (95% CI)	Adjusted mean between group difference (95% CI)*
ODI	13.16 (10.54–16.44)	10.67 (7.66–14.85)	2.49 (− 2.09 to 7.08)	2.41 (− 2.10 to 6.93)
EQ-5D	0.78 (0.75–0.81)	0.80 (0.74–0.86)	− 0.02 (− 0.09 to 0.05)	− 0.02 (− 0.08 to 0.04)
PASE	118.18 (94.90–147.17)	131.40 (100.90–171.12)	− 13.22 (− 56.55 to 30.10)	− 13.93 (− 55.94 to 28.07)

Generalized linear mixed models comparing between-group difference were used for multiple comparisons. Values were presented as least-squares mean (95% CI).

CI confidence interval, EQ-5D EuroQol life-quality index, ODI Oswestry disability index, PASE physical activity scale for the elderly.

*Adjusted mean between group differences at the time point were estimated after adjustments for age, sex, and body mass index at baseline.