Table 1.
Associations between overall NSAIDs and cancer outcomes.
| Outcome | Study | No. of cases/total | MA metric | Estimates | 95%CI | No. of studies | Cohort | Case-control | Effects model | I2; Q test P value | Egger test P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Significant associations | |||||||||||
| Breast cancer | Takkouche, B, 2009 | 87,421/2,625,742 | RR | 0.88 | 0.84–0.93 | 38 | 22 | 16 | Random | 82 %; <0.001 | 0.34 |
| CNS cancer | Zhang T,2017 | 19,394/667,085 | RR | 0.89 | 0.81–0.95 | 12 | 4 | 8 | Random | 55.8 %; 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Esophageal cancer | Sun, 2011 | 1103/NA | OR | 0.58 | 0.47–0.72 | 7 | 0 | 7 | Fixed | 0 %, 0.57 | 0.90 |
| Gastric cancer | Tian, 2010 | 3215/548,267 | RR | 0.76 | 0.70–0.82 | 15 | 4 | 11 | Fixed | 38.6 %, NA | 0.01 |
| Head and neck cancer | Shi, 2017 | 12,637/653,828 | RR | 0.84 | 0.76–0.93 | 11 | 4 | 7 | Random | 70.5 %, 0.000 | 0.245 |
| Liver cancer | Pang, 2017 | 3225/809,886 | HR | 0.81 | 0.69–0.94 | 7 | 3 | 4 | Random | 66.6 %, <0.001 | 0.564 |
| Prostate cancer | Shang, 2018 | 123,384/379,057 | RR | 0.89 | 0.81–0.98 | 17 | 7 | 10 | Random | 94.00 %, 0.000 | 0.185 |
| Skin cancer | Muranushi, 2014 | 6004/198,009 | RR | 0.82 | 0.71–0.94 | 8 | 3 | 5 | Random | 64.5 %, 0.003 | 0.25 |
| Non-significant associations | |||||||||||
| Pancreatic cancer | Zhang, 2015 | 2298/45,877 | OR | 0.97 | 0.86–1.10 | 5 | 1 | 4 | Random | 0.0 %; 0.451 | 0.413 |
| Cholangiocarcinoma | Lapumnuaypol, K,. 2019 | NA/9,200,653 | OR | 0.79 | 0.28–2.21 | 2 | 1 | 1 | Random | 57.0 %; 0.13 | NA |
| Colon cancer | Harewood, 2021 | 8003/681,830 | NA | 0.83 | 0.65–1.06 | 3 | 3 | 0 | Random | 64.4 %; 0.06 | NA |
| Melanoma | Li, 2013 | 90,343/930,659 | RR | 1.00 | 0.93–1.07 | 11 | 6 | 5 | Random | 17.5 %; 0.272 | NA |
| Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma | Bernatsky, S, 2007 | 5794/40,501 | OR | 0.93 | 0.74–1.14 | 7 | 1 | 6 | Random | NA | NA |
| Lung cancer | Xu, 2012 | 3635/52,913 | OR | 0.8 | 0.63–1.03 | 6 | 0 | 6 | Random | 94 %, <0.001 | NA |
MA, meta-analysis; CI, confidence interval; RR, relative risk; NA, not available; OR, odds ratio; NHL, non-Hodgkin lymphoma; CNS, central nervous system.