Table 2.
Detailed model performance and treatment recommendation effect
| Model | IBSa | IBSb | HR | HRc | RD (%) | RDc (%) | dRMST (month) | dRMSTc (month) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SNB | 0.10 (0.09–0.11) | 0.04 (0.03–0.05) | 0.76 (0.64–0.92) | 0.77 (0.61–0.95) | 3.80 (2.48–5.11) | 2.17 (0.92–3.35) | 3.81 (2.66–4.85) | 3.23 (2.06–4.45) |
| BITES | 0.12 (0.11–0.12) | 0.05 (0.05–0.06) | 0.71 (0.58–0.84) | 0.56 (0.23–1.34) | 8.15 (6.26–10.05) | 6.33 (4.16–8.52) | 8.49 (6.74–10.24) | 2.98 (1.60–4.28) |
| CMHE | 0.14 (0.13–0.15) | 0.07 (0.07–0.07) | 0.74 (0.60–0.88) | 1.67 (0.91–3.10) | 8.62 (6.62–10.62) | 6.48 (4.25–8.71) | 9.08 (7.22–10.94) | -12.38 (-14.48–-10.68) |
| DeepSurv | 0.22 (0.19–0.23) | 0.29 (0.28–0.28) | 0.96 (0.78–1.19) | 0.92 (0.41–2.10) | -4.93 (-6.72–-3.15) | -4.45 (-6.52–-2.39) | -5.27 (-6.94–-3.61) | -10.15 (-12.39–-8.31) |
| CPH | 0.09 (0.09–0.10) | 0.04 (0.03–0.05) | 0.83 (0.69–0.97) | 0.85 (0.67–1.06) | 3.39 (2.16–4.51) | 3.52 (2.49–4.76) | 3.22 (2.15–4.26) | -8.56 (-9.77–-7.34) |
| RSF | 0.10 (0.10–0.11) | 0.05 (0.04–0.06) | 0.70 (0.58–0.84) | 0.57 (0.24–1.33) | 8.17 (6.27–10.05) | 6.54 (4.43–8.65) | 8.47 (6.73–10.24) | 2.96 (1.34–4.27) |
| NCCN | . | . | 0.87 (0.72–1.07) | 1.06 (0.79–1.40) | 5.19 (3.49–4.83) | 5.38 (2.98–7.78) | 6.88 (5.17–8.58) | 2.02 (0.67–3.64) |
All metrics are calculated based on a 10-year time horizon. Bolded font indicates that the model performs best in this metric. NCCN, National Comprehensive Cancer Network. According to 2023 NCCN Guideline, risk groups are classified into 6 categories: Very low, Low, Favorable intermediate, Unfavorable intermediate, High, and Very high, among which intermediate, High risk, and M0 stage plus N1 stage are recommended for radical prostatectomy. Patients whose actual treatment was consistent with the NCCN recommendation were compared with those who were inconsistent
SNB Self-Normalizing Balanced individual treatment effect for survival data; BITES Balanced Individual Treatment Effect for Survival data; CMHE Cox Mixtures with Heterogeneous Effects; CPH Cox proportional hazards model; RSF random survival forest
IBSa, integrated Brier score in the Non-Surgery group; IBSb, integrated Brier score in the prostatectomy group; HR, multivariate hazards ratio; RD, risk difference; dRMST, the difference in restricted survival time; c, adjusted for all covariates using inverse probability treatment weighting