Table 1.
Demographic characteristics of patients that underwent single and multiple hemorrhoidectomies in the GAL and SA groups.
| Hemorrhoidectomy | Multiple hemorrhoidectomies | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GAL (n = 220) | SA (n = 330) | P-value | GAL (n = 188) | SA (n = 261) | P-value | |||||
| Age | 51.0 | (38.3–60.0) | 49.0 | (39.0–61.0) | 0.790 | 52.0 | (40–60) | 49.0 | (40.0–61.0) | 0.690 |
| Sex | 0.622 | 0.478 | ||||||||
| Female | 124 | (56.4%) | 193 | (58.5%) | 109 | (58.0%) | 160 | (61.3%) | ||
| Male | 96 | (43.6%) | 137 | (41.5%) | 79 | (42.0%) | 101 | (38.7%) | ||
| BMI | 23.7 | (21.4–26.6) | 23.8 | (21.5–26.4) | 0.677 | 23.7 | (21.3–26.6) | 23.6 | (21.5–26.4) | 0.835 |
| ASA score | 0.319 | 0.289 | ||||||||
| 1 | 82 | (37.3%) | 137 | (41.5%) | 72 | (38.3%) | 113 | (43.3%) | ||
| 2 | 138 | (62.7%) | 193 | (58.5%) | 116 | (61.7%) | 148 | (56.7%) | ||
| Anesthesia | <0.001** | <0.001** | ||||||||
| GE | 6 | (2.7%) | 0 | (0.0%) | 6 | (3.2%) | 0 | (0.0%) | ||
| GM | 155 | (70.5%) | 0 | (0.0%) | 134 | (71.3%) | 0 | (0.0%) | ||
| IVG | 59 | (26.8%) | 0 | (0.0%) | 48 | (25.5%) | 0 | (0.0%) | ||
| SA | 0 | (0.0%) | 330 | (100.0%) | 0 | (0.0%) | 261 | (100.0%) | ||
| Local | <0.001** | <0.001** | ||||||||
| No | 0 | (0.0%) | 330 | (100.0%) | 0 | (0.0%) | 261 | (100.0%) | ||
| Yes | 220 | (100.0%) | 0 | (0.0%) | 188 | (100.0%) | 0 | (0.0%) | ||
| Surgical position | <0.001** | <0.001** | ||||||||
| Lithotomy | 154 | (70.0%) | 9 | (2.7%) | 133 | (70.7%) | 8 | (3.1%) | ||
| Jack-knife | 66 | (30.0%) | 321 | (97.3%) | 55 | (29.3%) | 253 | (96.9%) | ||
| Number of hemorrhoidectomies | 2.0 | (2.0–3.0) | 2.0 | (2.0–3.0) | 0.023* | 3.0 | (2.0–3.0) | 3.0 | (2.0–3.0) | 0.193 |
| Hemorrhoidectomy number | 0.079 | – | ||||||||
| One | 32 | (14.5%) | 67 | (20.4%) | 0 | (0.0%) | 0 | (0.0%) | ||
| Multiple | 188 | (85.5%) | 261 | (79.6%) | 188 | (100.0%) | 261 | (100.0%) | ||
| Methods | <0.001** | <0.001** | ||||||||
| Open | 157 | (71.4%) | 174 | (52.7%) | 136 | (72.3%) | 127 | (48.7%) | ||
| Close | 63 | (28.6%) | 156 | (47.3%) | 52 | (27.7%) | 134 | (51.3%) | ||
| Emergency surgery | 2 | (0.9%) | 9 | (2.7%) | 0.214 | 2 | (1.1%) | 7 | (2.7%) | 0.315 |
| Anesthesia time | 25.0 | (18.0–30.0) | 20.0 | (15.0–30.0) | 0.197 | 25.0 | (17.0–30.0) | 20.0 | (15.030.0) | 0.512 |
| OP time, m | 29.0 | (19.0–37.5 | 24.0 | (17.0–39.0) | 0.175 | 29.0 | (20.0–39.0) | 29.0 | (19.5–40.0) | 0.555 |
| Intraoperative fluid | 500.0 | (400.0–500.0) | 500.0 | (300.0–500.0) | 0.054 | 500.0 | (400.0–500.0) | 500.0 | (300.0–500.0) | 0.224 |
| Regular post-op analgesics | 0.743 | 0.813 | ||||||||
| Nil | 9 | (4.1%) | 13 | (3.9%) | 8 | (4.3%) | 11 | (4.2%) | ||
| Single | 110 | (50.0%) | 176 | (53.3%) | 93 | (49.5%) | 137 | (52.5%) | ||
| Double | 101 | (45.9%) | 141 | (42.7%) | 87 | (46.3%) | 113 | (43.3%) | ||
| Opioids | 138 | (62.7%) | 228 | (69.1%) | 0.121 | 119 | (63.3%) | 181 | (69.3%) | 0.179 |
| NSAIDs | 174 | (79.1%) | 230 | (69.7%) | 0.015* | 148 | (78.7%) | 182 | (69.7%) | 0.033* |
| Rescue pain control | 105 | (47.7%) | 180 | (54.5%) | 0.117 | 94 | (50.0%) | 153 | (58.6%) | 0.070 |
| Kytron | 58 | (26.4%) | 3 | (0.9%) | <0.001** | 52 | (27.7%) | 3 | (1.1%) | <0.001** |
| Urine retention | 35 | (15.9%) | 102 | (30.9%) | <0.001** | 33 | (17.6%) | 89 | (34.1%) | <0.001** |
| Follow-up time, day | 23.0 | (18.0–40.0) | 27.0 | (14.0–40.0) | 0.179 | 24.0 | (19.0–40.0) | 29.0 | (15.0–43.0) | 0.065 |
GAL, general anesthesia with local infiltration; SA, spinal anesthesia alone; GE, general anesthesia with an endotracheal tube; GM, general anesthesia through laryngeal mask; IVG, intravenous general anesthesia; OP, operative; NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; BMI, body mass index; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists.
Chi-square test or Mann-Whitney U test, median (IQR); *P<0.05, **P<0.01