FIGURE 1.
MR study design diagram: Hypothesis 1, genetic variation is closely associated with exposure; Hypothesis 2, genetic variation is independent of confounding factors; Hypothesis 3, genetic variation only affects outcome through exposure.
Official websites use .gov
A
.gov website belongs to an official
government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you've safely
connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive
information only on official, secure websites.