Fig. 4.

Roles of deep-sea ecosystems in the differentiation of deep-sea RNA viruses. (A) The number of vOTUs in three oceans. The core RNAs viruses existing in all oceans consisted of 4,390 vOTUs. (B) The relative abundance of vOTUs in three oceans. “Others” indicate the vOTUs with relative abundance<1 %. (C) The number of vOTUs in four deep-sea ecosystems. (D) The relative abundance of vOTUs in hydrothermal vents, cold seeps, seamounts and ocean basins. “Others” represent the vOTUs with relative abundance<1 %. (E) The distribution of the known viral families of RNA viruses in three oceans (Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean) or four deep-sea ecosystems (hydrothermal vent, cold seep, seamount and ocean basin). Fifteen viral families were the core families of three oceans or four ecosystems. The number of the known viral families is indicated. (F) The relative abundance of the known viral families in Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean or in hydrothermal vents, cold seeps, seamounts and ocean basins. “Others” show the viral families with relative abundance<1 %. (G) Boxplots indicating the diversity index of communities of deep-sea RNA viruses in three oceans. The top, medium and bottom part of each box correspond to the highest, median and lowest diversity index of single viral community. The letter “n” represents the number of samples in each ocean. (H) The diversity index of RNA viruses of four deep-sea ecosystems. The letter “n” represented the number of samples in each ecological ecosystem. The statistical significance between diversities was indicated with asterisks (*, p < 0.05). (I) Principal co-ordinates analysis (PCoA) of the vOTUs from Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean (adonis p = 0.001). (J) PCoA of the vOTUS from hydrothermal vents, cold seeps, seamounts and ocean basins (adonis p = 0.001).