Table 4.
Serum levels of biomarkersa in patients without Raynaud’s phenomenon (RP) compared to controls without RP.
| Patients without RP (n = 47) | Controls without RPc (n = 46) | P-valuesb | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ICAM-1 (ng/ml) | 170 (130–290) | 140 (80–180) | < 0.001 |
| MCP-1 (pg/ml) | 39 (10–100) | 34 (13–68) | 0.02 |
| TM (ng/ml) | 5.2 (2.3–39) | 4.4 (0.31–28) | 0.39 |
| vWF (µg/ml) | 14 (6.9–34) | 16 (6.6–31) | 0.11 |
| VEGF (pg/ml) | < LOD (< LOD–510) | < LOD (< LOD– < LOD) | 0.32 |
| b-FGF (pg/ml) | < LOD (< LOD–18) | < LOD (< LOD–3.7) | 0.28 |
| HGF (pg/ml) | 180 (67–290) | 190 (59–470) | 0.24 |
| MMP-1 (ng/ml) | 2.9 (0.6–11) | 3.0 (1.0–9.8) | 0.43 |
| Et-1 (pg/ml) | < LOD (< LOD–1700) | < LOD (< LOD–580) | 0.80 |
| CGRP (pg/ml) | < LOD (< LOD–1400) | 29 (< LOD–3600) | 0.14 |
| TRPA-1 (ng/ml) | < LOD (< LOD–2.9) | < LOD (< LOD–2.4) | 1.0 |
| HSP27 (ng/ml) | 2.8 (0.70–45) | 1.8 (< LOD–290) | < 0.001 |
| GFAP (pg/ml) | < LOD (< LOD–2500) | < LOD (< LOD–2800) | 0.66 |
| MBP (ng/ml) | < LOD (< LOD–180) | < LOD (< LOD–0.95) | 0.46 |
| Caspase-3 (ng/ml) | 1.6 (0.63–85) | 2.0 (0.66–330) | 0.02 |
| Caspase-8 (ng/ml) | < LOD (< LOD– < LOD) | < LOD (< LOD–7.2) | 0.31 |
| Galanin (ng/ml) | 6.5 (0.67–19) | 5.9 (0.57–25) | 0.96 |
aIntercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) limit of detection (LOD), 0.002 ng/ml; monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), LOD 0.6 pg/ml; thrombomodulin (TM), LOD 0.63 ng/ml; von Willebrand factor (vWf) LOD, 0.025 µg/ml; vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) LOD, 23 pg/ml; basic fibroblast growth factor basic (b-FGF) LOD, 2 pg/ml; hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), LOD 20 pg/ml; matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1), LOD 45 ng/ml; endothelin 1 (Et-1), LOD 10 pg/ml; calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP), LOD 15 pg/ml; transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA-1), LOD 0.625 ng/ml; heat shock protein 27 (HSP-27), LOD 0.21 ng/ml; glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), LOD 31 pg/ml; myelin basic protein (MBP), LOD 0.16 ng/ml; caspase-3, LOD 0.041 ng/ml; caspase-8 LOD, 0.08 ng/ml; galanin LOD, 16 ng/ml.
Levels < LOD were assigned a value of half the LOD in the statistical analyses.
bMann-Whitney U test used for comparison of distributions between groups. P-values in boldface denote statistically significant differences.
cFive individuals in the control group had RP and were excluded.