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. 2024 Feb 1;14:2651. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-53215-9

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Bubble plot of the significantly changed metabolic pathways for IHD patients compared to the non-CVD subjects. Each bubble represents the identified significantly changed metabolite, whereas its color indicates the involvement in the corresponding metabolic pathway, and its size corresponds to the magnitude of its p-value (the size of the bubble positively correlates with the p-value magnitude). The position of each bubble characterizes the value of log2FC between its concentration in IHD patients and subjects without CVD.