Stewart 2013.

Methods	Controlled before‐and‐after study
Participants	Community‐based alcohol and other drug (AOD) services providing treatment programmes for detoxification, inpatient, residential and outpatient treatment services
Interventions	Intervention: performance contracts and quality improvement initiatives for outpatient substance abuse treatment programmes Control: global payment (fixed monthly installment, one‐twelfth of the annual amount, determined prospectively through negotiations between the programme and the state)
Outcomes	Participant waiting time defined as number of days between the day the individual first contacted the programme and the admission day Participant length of stay (LOS; calculated by subtracting admission date from discharge date and adding 1 day, so that participants admitted and discharged on the same day have an LOS of 1 day)
Notes