Table 1.
Patient characteristics in the derivation, replication and time-shifted case-control studies (starts).
| Characteristic | Derivation dataset |
Replication dataset |
Time-shifted replication dataset |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Controls (n = 70) | Cases (n = 70) | p-value | Controls (n = 59) | Cases (n = 59) | p-value | Controls (n = 67) | Cases (n = 67) | p-value | |
| Time after HTx (years) | 9.91 (4.53, 14.3) | 11.1 (5.28, 18.3) | 0.17 | 3.28 (0.41, 9.29) | 5.75 (0.76, 12.9) | 0.20 | 11.3 (5.26, 15.0) | 12.0 (5.74, 19.8) | 0.18 |
| Age (years) | 61.3 (12.1) | 60.2 (13.5) | 0.61 | 56.59 (12.6) | 59.44 (13.0) | 0.23 | 62.2 (12.4) | 60.9 (13.2) | 0.58 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.4 (3.36) | 25.3 (4.26) | 0.99 | 24.81 (4.28) | 24.83 (4.53) | 0.98 | 27.0 (11.5) | 25.5 (4.53) | 0.31 |
| SBP (mm Hg) | 145.6 (19.1) | 143.5 (22.3) | 0.55 | 140.0 (19.9) | 143.1 (21.3) | 0.43 | 143.8 (19.3) | 143.0 (21.4) | 0.83 |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 86.2 (12.6) | 86.0 (13.1) | 0.94 | 87.2 (11.2) | 88.0 (10.6) | 0.71 | 85.0 (11.1) | 85.0 (13.3) | 0.99 |
| Serum creatinine (μmol/L) | 136.5 (45.1) | 130.2 (40.6) | 0.38 | 124.75 (41.6) | 129.81 (42.0) | 0.51 | 140.3 (48.0) | 133.8 (40.4) | 0.40 |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m [2]) | 52.3 (21.1) | 54.1 (19.6) | 0.59 | 58.99 (21.4) | 56.00 (22.2) | 0.46 | 51.2 (21.8) | 52.2 (19.6) | 0.77 |
| Serum albumin (g/L) | 44.1 (2.97) | 43.9 (3.48) | 0.71 | 43.3 (3.78) | 44.1 (2.90) | 0.17 | 44.7 (2.77) | 43.9 (3.24) | 0.14 |
| Total serum calcium (mmol/L) | 2.39 (0.09) | 2.40 (0.12) | 0.58 | 2.40 (0.13) | 2.40 (0.12) | 0.78 | 2.40 (0.10) | 2.39 (0.13) | 0.65 |
| Ionized calcium (mmol/L) | 2.47 (0.14) | 2.48 (0.16) | 0.82 | 2.46 (0.19) | 2.48 (0.16) | 0.46 | 2.49 (0.14) | 2.47 (0.17) | 0.37 |
| Sex | |||||||||
| Men, n (%) | 57 (81.4 %) | 55 (78.6 %) | 0.67 | 46 (78.0 %) | 48 (81.4 %) | 0.65 | 56 (83.6 %) | 53 (79.1 %) | 0.51 |
| Women, n (%) | 13 (18.6 %) | 15 (21.4 %) | 13 (22.0 %) | 11 (18.6 %) | 12 (16.7 %) | 14 (20.9 %) | |||
| indication for HTx | |||||||||
| Ischemic CMP, n (%) | 33 (47.1 %) | 25 (35.7 %) | 0.17 | 19 (32.2 %) | 29 (49.2 %) | 0.061 | 31 (46.3 %) | 24 (35.8 %) | 0.22 |
| Dilated CMP, n (%) | 27 (38.6 %) | 27 (38.6 %) | … | 29 (49.2 %) | 21 (35.6 %) | 0.14 | 26 (38.8 %) | 26 (38.8 %) | … |
| Other, n (%) | 10 (14.3 %) | 18 (25.7 %) | 0.091 | 8 (13.6 %) | 6 (10.2 %) | 0.57 | 10 (14.9 %) | 17 (25.4 %) | 0.13 |
| Past smoker, n (%) | 47 (67.1 %) | 43 (61.4 %) | 0.48 | 37 (62.7 %) | 36 (62.1 %) | 0.94 | 44 (65.7 %) | 43 (64.2 %) | 0.86 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 66 (94.3 %) | 65 (92.9 %) | 0.73 | 50 (84.7 %) | 55 (93.2 %) | 0.14 | 65 (97.0 %) | 60 (89.6 %) | 0.084 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 15 (21.4 %) | 10 (14.3 %) | 0.27 | 6 (10.2 %) | 11 (18.6 %) | 0.19 | 15 (22.4 %) | 9 (13.4 %) | 0.18 |
| Osteoporotic fracture, n (%) | … | 7 (10.0 %) | … | … | 4 (6.8 %) | … | … | 6 (9.0 %) | … |
| BMD T-score ≤ -2.5, n (%) | … | 23 (32.9 %) | … | … | 20 (33.9 %) | … | … | 22 (32.8 %) | … |
| Calcium supplements, n (%) | … | 53 (75.7 %) | … | … | 47 (79.7 %) | … | … | 51 (76.1 %) | … |
| Vitamin D, n (%) | … | 52 (74.3 %) | … | … | 47 (79.7 %) | … | … | 50 (74.6 %) | … |
| Bisphosphonates, n (%) | … | 14 (20.0 %) | … | … | 5 (8.5 %) | … | … | 13 (19.4 %) | … |
| Thiazides, n (%) | 15 (21.4 %) | 5 (7.1 %) | 0.016 | 4 (11.8 %) | 3 (9.1 %) | 0.72 | 11 (16.4 %) | 4 (6.0 %) | 0.055 |
| Immunosuppression | |||||||||
| Tacrolimus, n (%) | 53 (75.7 %) | 41 (58.6 %) | 0.031 | 36 (62.1 %) | 27 (47.4 %) | 0.15 | 49 (73.1 %) | 37 (55.2 %) | 0.031 |
| Cyclosporine, n (%) | 14 (20.0 %) | 27 (38.6 %) | 0.016 | 5 (8.5 %) | 12 (20.3 %) | 0.067 | 14 (20.9 %) | 26 (38.8 %) | 0.024 |
| Everolimus, n (%) | 4 (5.7 %) | 3 (4.3 %) | 0.70 | 4 (9.3 %) | 3 (6.0 %) | 0.56 | 0 (0 %) | 1 (1.5 %) | 0.32 |
| Mycophenolic acid, n (%) | 55 (78.6 %) | 51 (72.9 %) | 0.43 | 32 (57.1 %) | 33 (61.1 %) | 0.42 | 49 (73.1 %) | 48 (71.6 %) | 0.85 |
| Azathioprine, n (%) | 6 (8.6 %) | 6 (8.6 %) | … | 3 (7.0 %) | 1 (2.1 %) | 0.26 | 0 (0 %) | 0 (0 %) | … |
| Methylprednisolone, n (%) | 25 (35.7 %) | 23 (32.9 %) | 0.72 | 12 (20.3 %) | 13 (22.0 %) | 0.82 | 0 (0 %) | 0 (0 %) | … |
Values are mean (SD), median (IQR) or number of patients (%). Abbreviations: HTx, heart transplantation; BMI, body mass index; SBP/DBP, systolic/diastolic blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; CMP, cardiomyopathy; BMD, bone mineral density. To convert serum creatinine from μmol/L to mg/dL, multiply by 0.0113. To convert serum albumin from g/L to g/dL, multiply by 0.1. To convert serum total and ionized calcium from mmol/L to mg/dL, multiply by 4. p-values refer to the difference between cases and controls in the derivation, replication and time-shifted case-control studies. An ellipsis indicates that the variable was not measured or that the p-value was not calculated.