Table 2.
The main baseline characteristics among patients after cardiac surgery in each study included in the systematic review
|
Ref.
|
Groups
|
Males/Females (N)
|
Age (yr)
|
Weight (kg)
|
Height (cm)
|
BMI (kg/m2)
|
Type of surgery
|
| Fischer et al[19] | NMES (n = 27); CG (n = 27) | 18/9; 20/7 | 63.3 ± 15.5; 69.7 ± 13.1 | NA | NA | 27.6 ± 3.7; 27.7 ± 4.6 | Aortic valve replacement; CABG; Heart transplantation; Other cardiothoracic surgery; Mitral valve replacement; Mitral valve reconstruction; Tricuspid valve reconstruction; Bentall surgery |
| Schardong et al[20] | FES (n = 10); CG (n = 10) | 7/3; 7/3 | 60 ± 7.3; 63.5 ± 5 | NA | NA | 27.3 ± 3.1; 29.1 ± 6.2 | CABG; Heart valve surgery |
| Kitamura et al[21] | NMES (n = 60); CG (n = 59) | 39/21; 37/22 | 67 (55-74); 70 (61-77) | NA | NA | 25.5 (20.4-24.8); 22.3 (20.4-24.9) | CABG; Valvular surgery; Thoracic Aorta |
| Fontes Cerqueira et al[22] | NMES (n = 26); CG (n = 33) | 18/8; 23/10 | 41.8 ± 13.17; 42.21 ± 14.36 | 66.12 ± 13.29; 61.85 ± 12.69 | 160 ± 6; 165 ± 8 | 25. ± 4.72; 21.96 ± 4.2 | Mitral valve replacement; Aortic valve replacement; Mitral valve reconstruction; Aortic valve reconstruction; Mitral valve replacement + Aortic valve reconstruction |
| Fontes Cerqueira et al[23] | NMES (n = 15); CG (n = 15) | 9/6; 5/10 | 49.87 ± 14.37; 50.93 ± 14.56 | NA | NA | NA | CABG; Valve replacement; CABG + Valve replacement |
| Sumin et al[24] | NMES (n = 18); CG (n = 19) | 12/6; 13/6 | 61.5 (52-70); 64 (60-68) | NA | NA | 28.4 [25.2-30.9]; 28.4 [25.8-32.5] | CABG; Aortic valve replacement; Mitral valve replacement; CABG + valve replacement; Multivalve operations; Bentall surgery; Aortic dissection; Heart transplantation |
| Rengo et al[25] | NMES (n = 18); CG (n = 19) | 16/2; 17/2 | 66.5 ± 1.6; 66.2 ± 1.4 | 89.4 ± 2.7; 90.9 ± 3.8 | 173 ± 1; 176 ± 3 | 29.7 ± 0.8; 29.0 ± 0.8 | CABG; CABG + Valve replacement |
| Cerqueira et al[26] | NMES (n = 23); CG (n = 22) | 12/11; 15/7 | 47.8 ± 13.9; 46.4 ± 13.5 | 72.3 ± 14.8; 68.5 ± 13.6 | 163.1 ± 10.4; 165.2 ± 7.2 | 27.2 ± 4.9; 25.1 ± 4.5 | CABG; Aortic valve replacement; Mitral valve replacement; Mitral valve replacement; + Aortic valve reconstruction |
| Takino et al[27] | NMES (n = 90); CG (n = 90) | 61/29; 63/27 | 74 ± 5; 74 ± 5 | NA | NA | 19.8 (18.0-21.8); 19.3 (18.2-20.8) | CABG; Valvular surgery; Thoracic aorta; Other surgery; Combined surgery |
| Sumin et al[28] | NMES n = 62); CG (n = 60) | 44/18; 39/21 | 62.0 [57.5-66.6]; 63.5 [59.0-69.0] | NA | NA | 27.4 [25.4-31.5]; 28.7 [25.9-33.3] | Prehabilitation (before cardiac surgery) |
Values are presented as a mean ± SD or median (interquartile range). CABG: Coronary artery bypass grafting; CG: Control group; FES: Functional electrical stimulation; NMES: Neuromuscular electrical stimulation group; NA: Not available.