Table 1.
Demographics and Comorbid Conditions
| Valuea |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Cases (n=1,160) | Controls (n=1,160) | Odds ratio (95% CI) | P valueb |
|
| ||||
| Age, y | 35.4 (13.8) | 35.5 (13.7) | 1.00 (1.00–1.01) | .82 |
| Female | 847 (73.0) | 847 (73.0) | 1.00 (0.83–1.20) | >.99 |
| White | 895 (77.9) (n=1,149) | 1,082 (94.3) (n=1,147) | 4.72 (3.55–6.29) | <.001 |
| Acne vulgaris or conglobata | 88 (7.6) | 39 (3.4) | 0.42 (0.29–0.62) | <.001 |
| Alzheimer disease | 3 (0.3) | 4 (0.3) | 1.33 (0.30–5.96) | >.99 |
| Anxiety | 140 (12.1) | 95 (8.2) | 0.65 (0.49–0.85) | .002 |
| Atopic dermatitis | 18 (1.6) | 7 (0.6) | 0.39 (0.16–0.93) | .04 |
| Depression | 274 (23.6) | 177 (15.3) | 0.58 (0.47–0.72) | <.001 |
| Diabetes | 144 (12.4) | 66 (5.7) | 0.43 (0.31–0.58) | <.001 |
| Dissecting cellulitis | 71 (6.1) | 9 (0.8) | 0.12 (0.06–0.24) | <.001 |
| Down syndrome | 6 (0.5) | 2 (0.2) | 0.33 (0.07–1.65) | .29 |
| Herpes zoster | 9 (0.8) | 7 (0.6) | 0.78 (0.29–2.09) | .80 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 163 (14.1) | 106 (9.1) | 0.62 (0.48–0.80) | <.001 |
| Hypertension | 171 (14.7) | 102 (8.8) | 0.56 (0.43–0.72) | <.001 |
| IBD | 13 (1.1) | 5 (0.4) | 0.38 (0.14–1.08) | .10 |
| Lymphomas | 3 (0.3) | 7 (0.6) | 2.34 (0.60–9.07) | .34 |
| Major adverse cardiac event | 9 (0.8) | 1 (0.1) | 0.11 (0.01–0.87) | .02 |
| Metabolic syndrome | 4 (0.3) | 2 (0.2) | 0.50 (0.09–2.73) | .69 |
| NASH | 18 (1.6) | 9 (0.8) | 0.50 (0.22–1.11) | .12 |
| Obesity | 222 (19.1) | 72 (6.2) | 0.28 (0.21–0.37) | <.001 |
| Obstructive sleep apnea | 12 (1.0) | 7 (0.6) | 0.58 (0.23–1.48) | .36 |
| PCOS | 20 (1.7) | 6 (0.5) | 0.30 (0.12–0.74) | .009 |
| Periodontitis | 45 (3.9) | 41 (3.5) | 0.91 (0.59–1.40) | .74 |
| Pilonidal cyst/sinus | 9 (0.8) | 0 (0) | 19.15 (1.11–330) | .004 |
| Psoriasis | 24 (2.1) | 9 (0.8) | 0.37 (0.17–0.80) | .01 |
| Kidney disease | 52 (4.5) | 26 (2.2) | 0.49 (0.30–0.79) | .004 |
| Sexual dysfunction | 8 (0.7) | 4 (0.3) | 0.50 (0.15–1.66) | .39 |
| Sleep disturbance | 113 (9.7) | 53 (4.6) | 0.44 (0.32–0.62) | <.001 |
| Spondyloarthropathy | 5 (0.4) | 4 (0.3) | 0.80 (0.21–2.99) | >.99 |
| Substance use disorder | 137 (11.8) | 56 (4.8) | 0.38 (0.28–0.52) | <.001 |
| Suicidality | 21 (1.8) | 10 (0.9) | 0.47 (0.22–1.01) | .07 |
| Thyroid disease | 78 (6.7) | 54 (4.7) | 0.68 (0.47–0.97) | .04 |
| Tobacco smoking | 207 (17.8) | 78 (6.7) | 0.33 (0.25–0.44) | <.001 |
Abbreviations: IBD, inflammatory bowel disease; NASH, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; PCOS, polycystic ovary syndrome.
a
Values are mean ( sd) or No. (%).
b
P values by Fisher exact test unless otherwise noted.