. 2024 Jan 17;72(4):2154–2164. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06431

Table 1. Pharmacokinetic Parameters of Hydroxytyrosol Estimated by Noncompartmental Analysis¹,².

		hydroxytyrosol
parameters	units	30 olives group	60 olives group
amount administered	nmol	5272 ± 93	11195 ± 353
C_max	nmol/L	23.44 (13.60, 40.38)^a	42.97 (31.73, 58.18)^b
C_max/D		0.0044 (0.0026, 0.0077)^a	0.0039 (0.0028, 0.0053)^a
T_max	min	62 (31, 91)^a	41 (33, 68)^a
AUC_t	min·nmol/L	3363 (2642, 4280)a	7912 (6031, 10381)^b
AUC_t/D		0.6383 (0.5153, 0.7907)^a	0.7091 (0.5407, 0.9300)^a
AUC_0–∞	min·nmol/L	4293 (3815, 4830)^a	8919 (6920, 11495)^b
AUC_0–∞/D		0.8149 (0.7420, 0.8949)^a	0.7993 (0.6170, 1.035)^a
C_max/AUC_0–∞	1/min	0.0055 (0.0033, 0.0089)^a	0.0048 (0.0038, 0.0062)^a
λ_z	1/min	0.0042 (0.0024, 0.0073)^a	0.0063 (0.0046, 0.0088)^a
t_1/2λz	min	166.2 (95.47, 289.2)^a	109.7 (79.23, 152.0)^a
MRT_0–∞	min	255.5 (161.0, 405.6)^a	206.1 (170.5, 249.1)^a
Vss/F	L/kg	1139 (671.4, 1932)^a	882.8 (674.2, 1161)^a
Vd_area/F	L/kg	1069 (580.0, 1969)^a	678.3 (474.8, 969.0)^a
Cl/F	L/min/kg	4.46 (3.96, 5.02)^a	4.28 (3.32, 5.52)^a

Plasma concentrations were obtained after a single oral administration to Sprague-Dawley rats of Arbequina table olives containing hydroxytyrosol at 2.95 mg/kg (30 olives group) and 5.89 mg/kg (60 olives group).

Results are expressed as means ± SEMs or geometric means (95% CIs) except for T_max, which is presented as the median with its minimum and maximum value in the 30 olives (n = 6) and 60 olives (n = 7) groups. Data were analyzed by unpaired-Student t-test except for T_max, in which a nonparametric Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used. Means without a common letter differ, p < 0.05. AUC_t: area under the plasma concentration–time curve from time zero up to 8h; AUC_0–∞, area under the plasma concentration–time curve from time zero to infinite; C_max, peak plasma concentration; Cl/F, apparent clearance; D, dose of hydroxytyrosol; MRT_0–∞, mean residence time from zero to infinite; T_max, time to peak plasma concentration; t_1/2λz, apparent elimination half-life; Vss/F, apparent steady-state volume of distribution; Vd_area/F, apparent volume of distribution associated with the terminal phase of the plasma concentration–time curve; λ_z, apparent elimination rate constant.

Table 1. Pharmacokinetic Parameters of Hydroxytyrosol Estimated by Noncompartmental Analysis1,2.

Table 1. Pharmacokinetic Parameters of Hydroxytyrosol Estimated by Noncompartmental Analysis¹,².