Table 1.
Descriptive statistics of participants and study variables (N = 627)
| Variable | Category | N(%) |
|---|---|---|
| Age(year) | 60–69 | 220(35.09) |
| 70–79 | 280(44.66) | |
| ≥ 80 | 127(20.25) | |
| Gender | Male | 379(60.45) |
| Female | 248(39.55) | |
| BMI group | < 18.5 | 46(7.34) |
| 18.5–23.9 | 309(49.28) | |
| 24.0–27.9 | 200(31.90) | |
| ≥ 28.0 | 72(11.48) | |
| Residence | Urban | 228(36.36) |
| Rural | 399(63.64) | |
| Primary caregiver | Spouse | 281(44.82) |
| Children or others | 179(28.55) | |
| Self-care | 167(26.63) | |
| Education (school) | ≥ College | 20(3.19) |
| High | 52(8.29) | |
| Middle | 111(17.70) | |
| Elementary | 152(24.24) | |
| < Elementary | 292(46.57) | |
| Per capita monthly income(RMB) | ≤ 1000 | 151(24.08) |
| 1001 ~ 2000 | 192(30.62) | |
| 2001 ~ 3000 | 99(15.79) | |
| > 3000 | 185(29.51) | |
| Type of health insurance | Self-funded | 14(2.23) |
| Medical insurance for urban and rural residents | 433(69.06) | |
| Variable | Category | N(%) |
| Medical insurance for urban employees | 180(28.71) | |
| Course of disease (year) | < 5 | 281(44.82) |
| 5 ~ | 167(26.63) | |
| > 10 | 179(28.55) | |
| Acute exacerbation in the past year (times) | < 2 | 449(71.61) |
| ≥ 2 | 178(28.39) | |
| Smoking | Never | 366(58.37) |
| Former | 239(38.12) | |
| Daily | 22(3.51) | |
| Inhalant | Yes | 435(69.38) |
| No | 192(30.62) | |
| Exercise (minutes/time) | ≤ 30 | 470(74.96) |
| > 30 | 157(25.04) | |
| Exercise (times/week) | < 3 | 383(61.08) |
| ≥ 3 | 244(38.92) | |
| Respiratory muscle training | Yes | 445(70.97) |
| No | 182(29.03) |