| 
Antibodies
 | 
| Rabbit anti-Parvalbumin | 
Abcam | 
Cat# ab11427, RRID:AB_298032 | 
| Mouse anti-Parvalbumin | 
Sigma | 
Cat# P3088, RRID:AB_477329 | 
| Rabbit anti-Somatostatin 28 | 
Abcam | 
Cat# ab111912, RRID:AB_10903864 | 
| Rabbit anti-μOR | 
Abcam | 
Cat# ab134054, RRID:AB_3122135 | 
| Rabbit anti-Satb1 | 
Abcam | 
Cat# ab109122, RRID:AB_10862207 | 
| Rabbit anti-plKBα | 
Cell Signaling Technology | 
Cat# 2859, RRID:AB_561111 | 
| Chicken anti-GFP | 
Aves Labs | 
Cat# GFP-1020, RRID:AB_10000240 | 
| Rabbit anti-GFP | 
Abcam | 
Cat# ab290, RRID:AB_303395 | 
| Guinea Pig anti-RFP | 
Synaptic Systems | 
Cat# 390005, RRID:AB_2737051 | 
| Rabbit anti-RFP | 
Antibodies-Online | 
Cat# ABIN129578, RRID:AB_10781500 | 
| AF488 Goat anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) | 
Thermo Fisher Scientific | 
Cat# A-11008, RRID:AB_143165 | 
| AF488 Goat anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) | 
Thermo Fisher Scientific | 
Cat# A-11034, RRID:AB_2576217 | 
| AF488 Donkey anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) | 
Thermo Fisher Scientific | 
Cat# A-32790, RRID:AB_2762833 | 
| CF488A Donkey anti-Mouse IgG (H+L) | 
Biotium | 
Cat# 20014, RRID:AB_10561327 | 
| CF488A Donkey anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) | 
Biotium | 
Cat# 20015, RRID: AB_10559669 | 
| CF488A Donkey anti-Chicken IgY (IgG) (H+L) | 
Biotium | 
Cat# 20166, RRID: AB_10854387 | 
| AF555 Goat anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) | 
Thermo Fisher Scientific | 
Cat# A-21429, RRID:AB_2535850 | 
| AF555 Goat anti-Guinea Pig IgG (H+L) | 
Thermo Fisher Scientific | 
Cat# A-21435, RRID:AB_2535856 | 
| CF555 Donkey anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) | 
Biotium | 
Cat# 20038, RRID:AB_10558011 | 
| CF555 Donkey anti-Guinea Pig IgG (H+L) | 
Biotium | 
Cat# 20276-1, RRID:AB_10853597 | 
| AF594 Donkey anti-Guinea Pig IgG (H+L) | 
Thermo Fisher Scientific | 
Cat# A-11076, RRID:AB_141930 | 
| CF647 Donkey anti-Mouse IgG (H+L) | 
Biotium | 
Cat# 20046-1, RRID:AB_10853778 | 
| CF647 Donkey anti-Rabbit (H+L) | 
Biotium | 
Cat# 20047, RRID:AB_10559808 | 
| 
Bacterial and virus strains
 | 
| pAAV(PHP.eB)-BiPVe4-ChR2-mCherry | 
Addgene60
 | 
RRID:Addgene_213937 | 
| pAAV(PHP.eB)-BiPVe4-tdTom-tdTomnls
 | 
Addgene60
 | 
RRID:Addgene_213936 | 
| pAAV(AAV9)-Ef1 a-DIO-C1V1 (t/t)-TS-mCherry | 
Addgene | 
RRID:Addgene_100061-AAV9 | 
| pAAV(PHP.eB)-S5E2-ChR2-mCherry | 
Addgene62
 | 
RRID:Addgene_135634-PHPeB | 
| pAAV(AAV5)-pCAG-FLEX-EGFP-WPRE | 
Addgene99
 | 
RRID:Addgene_51502-AAV5 | 
| 
Chemicals, peptides, and recombinant proteins
 | 
| DAMGO | 
Tocris | 
Cat# 1171 | 
| CTAP | 
Tocris | 
Cat# 1560 | 
| DPDPE | 
Tocris | 
Cat# 1431 | 
| Naltrindole hydrochloride | 
Millipore Sigma | 
Cat# N115 | 
| Morphine Sulfate Injection, USP (4 mg/mL) | 
Hikma Pharmaceuticals | 
NDC: 0641-6125 | 
| Naloxone Hydrochloride Injection (0.4 mg/mL) | 
Mylan Institutional | 
NDC: 67457-292-02 | 
| DNQX disodium salt | 
Tocris | 
Cat# 2312 | 
| DL-APV | 
Tocris | 
Cat# 0105 | 
| CGP 55845 hydrochloride | 
Tocris | 
Cat# 1248 | 
| ω-Agatoxin IVA | 
Tocris | 
Cat# 2799 | 
| ω-Conotoxin GVIA | 
Tocris | 
Cat# 1085 | 
| WIN 55212-2 mesylate | 
Tocris | 
Cat# 1038 | 
| Biocytin | 
Millipore Sigma | 
Cat# B4261 | 
| AF488 streptavidin | 
Thermo Fisher Scientific | 
Cat# S11223
 | 
| AF555 streptavidin | 
Thermo Fisher Scientific | 
Cat# S21381 | 
| DAPI | 
Millipore Sigma | 
Cat# D9542 | 
| RNAscope mouse probe Mm-Pvalb | 
Advanced Cell Diagnostic | 
Cat# 421931 | 
| RNAscope mouse probe Mm-Oprm1-C2 | 
Advanced Cell Diagnostic | 
Cat# 315841-C2 | 
| RNAscope mouse probe Mm-Oprd1 | 
Advanced Cell Diagnostic | 
Cat# 427371 | 
| RNAscope macaque probe Mmu-PVALB | 
Advanced Cell Diagnostic | 
Cat# 461691 | 
| RNAscope macaque probe Mmu-OPRM1-C2 | 
Advanced Cell Diagnostic | 
Cat# 518941-C2 | 
| EdU | 
Thermo Fisher Scientific | 
Cat# A10044 | 
| Opal 520 | 
AKOVA | 
Cat# OP-001001 | 
| Opal 570 | 
AKOVA | 
Cat# OP-001003 | 
| ProLong Diamond Antifade Mountant with DAPI | 
Thermo Fisher Scientific | 
Cat# P36962
 | 
| ProLong Gold Antifade Mountant | 
Thermo Fisher Scientific | 
Cat# P10144
 | 
| GTPγS-Li4
 | 
Sigma | 
Cat# G8634 | 
| 
Critical commercial assays
 | 
| Chromium Single Cell 3’ GEM, Library & Gel Bead Kit v3 | 
10x Genomics | 
Cat# PN-1000075 | 
| RNAscope Multiplex Fluorescent v2 Assay | 
Advanced Cell Diagnostic | 
Cat# 323100 | 
| RNeasy Plus Micro Kit | 
Qiagen | 
Cat# 74034 | 
| RNA 6000 Pico kit | 
Agilent | 
Cat# 5067-1513 | 
| SMARTer Stranded Total RNA-Seq. Kit v2 | 
Takara Bio | 
Cat# 634411 | 
| Click-iT EdU imaging Kit | 
Thermo Fisher Scientific | 
Cat# C10340
 | 
| 
Experimental models: Organisms/strains
 | 
| Mouse: PVCre/Cre
 | 
Jax100
 | 
RRID:IMSR_JAX:017320 | 
| Mouse: SSTCre/Cre
 | 
Jax101
 | 
RRID:IMSR_JAX:013044 | 
| Mouse: Tac1Cre/Cre
 | 
Jax102
 | 
RRID:IMSR_JAX:021877 | 
| Mouse: Nkx2.1Cre/Cre
 | 
Jax103
 | 
RRID:IMSR_JAX:008661 | 
| Mouse: Dlx5/6Cre/Cre
 | 
Jax104
 | 
RRID:IMSR_JAX:008199 | 
| Mouse: tdTomato(Ai9)fl/fl
 | 
Jax105
 | 
RRID:IMSR_JAX:007909 | 
| Mouse: ChR2(Ai32)-eYFPfl/fl
 | 
Jax106
 | 
RRID:IMSR_JAX:024109 | 
| Mouse: ArchT(Ai40D)-eGFPfl/fl
 | 
Jax107
 | 
RRID:IMSR_JAX:021188 | 
| Mouse: Rpl22(RiboTag)HA/HA
 | 
Jax44
 | 
RRID:IMSR_JAX:011029 | 
| Mouse: CAG-Sun1/sfGFPfl/fl
 | 
Jax108
 | 
RRID:IMSR_JAX:030952 | 
| Mouse: Oprm1fl/fl
 | 
Jax | 
RRID:IMSR_JAX:030074 | 
| Mouse: μOR-mCherry | 
Jax31
 | 
RRID:IMSR_JAX:029013 | 
| Mouse: PV-tdTomato | 
Jax | 
RRID:IMSR_JAX:027395 | 
| Mouse: C57BL/6J | 
Jax | 
RRID:IMSR_JAX:000664 | 
| 
Software and algorithms
 | 
| pClamp 10.7 | 
Molecular Devices | 
RRID:SCR_011323 | 
| FIJI (ImageJ) | 
NIH | 
RRID:SCR_002285 | 
| Excel | 
Microsoft | 
RRID:SCR_016137 | 
| Prism | 
Graphpad | 
RRID:SCR_002798 | 
| ZEN Microscopy Software | 
Zeiss | 
RRID:SCR_013672 | 
| SPOT Basic 5.2 | 
SPOT Imaging | 
RRID:SCR_014313 | 
| CellRanger v7.0.0 | 
10x Genomics | 
 | 
| DESeq2 | 
Bioconductor109
 | 
RRID:SCR_015687 | 
| FIJI Macro: colocIHC | 
this manuscript | 
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10063200
 |