Table 1.

Demographics, clinical characteristics, and echocardiographic imaging findings in SARS-CoV-2-positive athletes compared to matched negative controls.

	Combined			Female			Male
	COVID-19 Positive	Negative Control	p Value	COVID-19 Positive	Negative Control	p Value	COVID-19 Positive	Negative Control	p Value
N	61	61	–	24	24	–	37	37	–
Age, yrs	20 ± 1	20 ± 2	0.8	19 ± 1	19 ± 1	0.6	21 ± 1	21 ± 2	>0.9
Sex, % women	39	39	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
BMI, kg/m2	27 ± 5	25 ± 3	0.2	23 ± 4	24 ± 2	0.8	29 ± 5	27 ± 4	0.04
Days since diagnosis	40 ± 38	–	–	51 ± 43	–	–	31 ± 32	–	–
Vital signs
SBP, mmHg	122 ± 11	127 ± 12	0.2	120 ± 10	122 ± 10	0.5	124 ± 11	130 ± 12	0.1
DBP, mmHg	63 ± 8	63 ± 7	0.8	62 ± 7	62 ± 6	0.9	63 ± 9	64 ± 7	0.7
LVmass, g	204 ± 62	207 ± 62	0.82	168 ± 54	172 ± 51	0.8	228 ± 56	229 ± 59	0.9
LVSV	76 ± 19	73 ± 16	0.36	65 ± 14	66 ± 17	0.8	84 ± 18	78 ± 14	0.15
IVSDd, mm	1.0 ± 0.2	1.1 ± 0.2	0.07	1.0 ± 0.2	1.0 ± 0.2	0.7	1.1 ± 0.2	1.2 ± 0.2	0.04
PWDd, mm	1.0 ± 0.2	1.0 ± 0.2	0.6	1.0 ± 0.2	1.0 ± 0.2	0.8	1.1 ± 0.2	1.1 ± 0.2	0.4
RWT	0.42 ± 0.08	0.48 ± 0.08	0.2	0.43 ± 0.09	0.43 ± 0.07	>0.9	0.41 ± 0.08	0.45 ± 0.09	0.07
LVM, g	204 ± 92	206 ± 62	0.8	168 ± 54	172 ± 50	0.4	228 ± 55	227 ± 59	>0.9
LVMi, g/ m2	96 ± 22	101 ± 25	0.3	90 ± 22	95 ± 22	0.6	100 ± 22	106 ± 24	0.4
LVEDD, cm	5.0 ± 0.6	4.8 ± 0.4	0.1	4.6 ± 0.5	4.6 ± 0.4	>0.9	5.2 ± 0.5	5.0 ± 0.4	0.01
LVEDDi, cm/m2	2.4 ± 0.3	2.4 ± 0.3	0.2	2.6 ± 0.4	2.6 ± 0.3	0.4	2.3 ± 0.2	2.3 ± 0.2	0.3
LVEDV, ml	127 ± 33	118 ± 24	0.19	107 ± 19	103 ± 20	0.5	140 ± 33	127 ± 21	0.09
LVEDVi, ml/m2	60 ± 11	58 ± 9	0.5	59 ± 10	57 ± 9	0.6	62 ± 12	59 ± 8	0.6
LVEF, %	65 ± 6	72 ± 8	<0.0001	67 ± 6	72 ± 8	0.02	64 ± 6	72 ± 8	<0.001
LVEF <50%, %	0	0	>0.9	0	0	>0.9	0	0	>0.9
SV, ml	76 ± 19	73 ± 16	0.4	65 ± 13	66 ± 16	0.4	84 ± 18	78 ± 14	0.2
SV, ml/m2	36.4 ± 7	37 ± 7	0.9	36 ± 8	36 ± 9	>0.9	37 ± 7	37 ± 6	>0.9
E	0.86 ± 0.15	0.90 ± 0.15	0.13	0.88 ± 0.1	0.96 ± 0.15	0.2	0.84 ± 0.17	0.86 ± 0.13	0.4
A	0.45 ± 0.10	0.4 ± 0.09	0.08	0.4 ± 0.06	0.41 ± 0.10	0.4	0.47 ± 0.12	0.41 ± 0.08	0.07
E/A	2.00 ± 0.5	2.3 ± 0.52	0.006	2.2 ± 0.4	2.4 ± 0.6	0.2	1.89 ± 0.48	2.14 ± 0.47	0.008
Septal e’	0.16 ± 0.16	0.14 ± 0.03	0.3	0.13 ± 0.02	0.14 ± 0.02	0.3	0.18 ± 0.2	0.14 ± 0.02	0.3
Septal s’	0.09 ± 0.01	0.09 ± 0.02	0.8	0.08 ± 0.01	0.08 ± 0.01	0.8	0.09 ± 0.02	0.10 ± 0.03	0.6
E/e’	6.6 ± 1.7	6.7 ± 1.6	0.6	6.6 ± 1.2	6.9 ± 1.8	0.7	6.7 ± 1.9	6.5 ± 1.5	0.6

BMI: body mass index; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; IVSDd: intraventricular septum diastolic dimension; PWDd: posterior wall diastolic dimension; RWT: relative wall thickness; LVmass: left-ventricular mass; LVEDD: left-ventricular end-diastolic diameter; LVEDV: left-ventricular end-diastolic volume; LVESV: left-ventricular end-systolic volume; LVEF: left-ventricular ejection fraction; SV: stroke volume.