Table 1.
Basic characteristics of participants (n = 5491) in the NHANES 2015–2018, weighted.
| Serum Ferritin(ug/L) | lron status |
P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Deficiency (n = 472) |
Normal (n = 3411) |
Overload (n = 1608) | ||
| Age | 37.35 ± 10.95 | 42.77 ± 16.10 | 48.48 ± 15.39 | <0.0001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 29.41 ± 7.86 | 29.41 ± 7.67 | 30.62 ± 6.91 | <0.0001 |
| SII | 574.63 ± 278.53 | 521.29 ± 257.35 | 473.59 ± 238.47 | <0.0001 |
| Serum albumin (g/dl) | 4.02 ± 0.33 | 4.14 ± 0.33 | 4.17 ± 0.31 | <0.0001 |
| Alkaline phosphatase (U/L) | 67.98 ± 21.01 | 72.34 ± 25.76 | 77.37 ± 23.51 | <0.0001 |
| Serum calcium (mg/dl) | 9.14 ± 0.33 | 9.27 ± 0.34 | 9.34 ± 0.35 | <0.0001 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 179.31 ± 33.20 | 186.21 ± 37.73 | 192.99 ± 40.72 | <0.0001 |
| Serum globulin (g/dL) | 3.09 ± 0.42 | 2.95 ± 0.41 | 3.00 ± 0.42 | <0.0001 |
| Total protein (g/dl) | 7.11 ± 0.44 | 7.09 ± 0.41 | 7.17 ± 0.43 | <0.0001 |
| Serum uric acid (mg/dl) | 4.34 ± 1.03 | 4.97 ± 1.30 | 5.94 ± 1.41 | <0.0001 |
| Gender | <0.0001 | |||
| Male | 5.50 | 25.56 | 75.21 | |
| Female | 94.50 | 74.44 | 24.79 | |
| Race | <0.0001 | |||
| Mexican American | 15.43 | 9.35 | 9.76 | |
| Non-Hispanic White | 44.65 | 62.28 | 58.82 | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 19.02 | 11.23 | 11.32 | |
| Other Hispanic | 10.15 | 6.99 | 7.40 | |
| Other Race | 10.75 | 10.15 | 12.70 | |
| Education | 0.015 | |||
| Less than high school | 14.21 | 10.71 | 11.63 | |
| High school | 24.59 | 24.54 | 27.82 | |
| Above high school | 61.20 | 64.75 | 60.55 | |
| PIR | <0.0001 | |||
| Low income | 27.10 | 20.26 | 16.15 | |
| Low middle income | 12.41 | 9.90 | 9.72 | |
| Middle income | 20.87 | 23.36 | 24.17 | |
| High income | 29.64 | 37.67 | 40.63 | |
| NA | 9.99 | 8.81 | 9.32 | |
| Alcohol consumption | <0.0001 | |||
| Never | 53.14 | 58.20 | 51.28 | |
| Moderate | 15.65 | 17.37 | 19.41 | |
| Heavy | 4.78 | 6.78 | 12.01 | |
| NA | 26.43 | 17.66 | 17.30 | |
| Smoking status | <0.0001 | |||
| Never | 73.40 | 62.43 | 52.37 | |
| Former | 8.97 | 20.14 | 28.69 | |
| Current | 17.63 | 17.43 | 18.94 | |
| Physical activity | 0.1474 | |||
| None | 28.41 | 28.03 | 26.29 | |
| Low | 12.19 | 9.64 | 10.03 | |
| Sufficient | 10.66 | 11.20 | 9.15 | |
| High | 48.21 | 50.59 | 54.14 | |
| NA | 0.54 | 0.54 | 0.39 | |
| Depression | 0.0002 | |||
| Yes | 83.76 | 84.62 | 87.87 | |
| No | 6.97 | 8.56 | 8.02 | |
| NA | 9.27 | 6.82 | 4.11 | |
| Hypertension | <0.0001 | |||
| Yes | 18.69 | 24.39 | 35.34 | |
| No | 81.31 | 75.61 | 64.66 | |
| Diabetes | <0.0001 | |||
| Yes | 5.44 | 7.66 | 13.09 | |
| No | 92.34 | 90.05 | 84.89 | |
| Borderline | 2.22 | 2.29 | 2.02 | |
Mean ± SD for: age, SII, body mass index, serum albumin, alkaline phosphatase, serum calcium, total cholesterol, serum globulin, total protein, serum uric acid. P value was calculated by weighted linear regression model.
Percentage for: gender, race, education level, PIR, alcohol consumption, smoking status, physical activity, depression, hypertension, diabetes. P value was calculated by weighted chi-square test.
Deficiency: serum ferritin (SF) <15ug/L.
Normal: Male: 200 ug/L ≥ SF ≥ 15ug/L; Female: 150 ug/L ≥ SF ≥ 15 ug/L.
Overload: Male: SF >200 ug/L; Female: SF > 150 ug/L.