Table 2.
Treatment groups baseline mean ± SD for feed intake, growth measure, and behavior variables.
| Variables2 | Baseline1 ± SD | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 6W | 8W | 10W | |
| Feed intake | |||
| Milk consumption, mL | 2,476.5 ± 216.09 | 2,628.8 ± 350.27 | 3,300.0 ± 391.26 |
| Concentrate consumption, g | 3.9 ± 3.00 | 11.0 ± 7.93 | 49.1 ± 79.32 |
| Growth measure | |||
| Weight, kg | 12.4 ± 0.94 | 15.6 ± 1.45 | 20.1 ± 2.42 |
| Lying behaviors | |||
| Lying time, min | 893.8 ± 62.41 | 849.5 ± 51.39 | 854.6 ± 76.00 |
| Lying bouts, # | 44.0 ± 9.93 | 44.8 ± 10.43 | 38.5 ± 12.60 |
| Lying bouts duration, min | 21.4 ± 5.91 | 19.9 ± 5.25 | 24.3 ± 9.56 |
| Grooming behaviors | |||
| Allogrooming frequency | 1.3 ± 1.82 | 1.7 ± 1.37 | 1.5 ± 2.32 |
| Allogrooming time, s | 3.8 ± 7.88 | 3.3 ± 2.74 | 3.7 ± 6.08 |
| Self-grooming frequency | 5.3 ± 5.77 | 3.3 ± 2.90 | 3.1 ± 2.68 |
| Self-grooming time, s | 20.6 ± 22.97 | 8.7 ± 9.96 | 7.3 ± 7.05 |
| Redirected behaviors | |||
| Cross-sucking frequency | 2.4 ± 2.02 | 0.8 ± 1.14 | 0.6 ± 0.90 |
| Cross-sucking time, s | 5.8 ± 5.36 | 1.5 ± 2.28 | 1.6 ± 2.47 |
| Biting and licking frequency | 10.8 ± 7.19 | 11.5 ± 8.50 | 7.7 ± 6.11 |
| Biting and licking time, s | 30.3 ± 21.57 | 39.3 ± 33.49 | 31.1 ± 27.81 |
| Nipple sucking frequency | 0.0 ± 0.00 | 0.0 ± 0.00 | 0.5 ± 1.17 |
| Nipple sucking time, s | 0.0 ± 0.00 | 0.0 ± 0.00 | 5.5 ± 17.81 |
| Digging or pawing frequency | 0.6 ± 1.73 | 0.1 ± 0.29 | 0.9 ± 1.78 |
| Displacement at the nipple frequency | 0.0 ± 0.00 | 1.1 ± 3.45 | 0.3 ± 0.89 |
| Other behaviors | |||
| Vocalization frequency | 2.5 ± 4.91 | 2.7 ± 3.42 | 4.7 ± 9.19 |
1Baseline relative to weaning (day 0 or week 0) = week −1 for feed intake, day −7 for growth measure, and day −8 for behavior variables.
2Feed intakes were averaged at the pen level, while growth and all behavior measures were averaged at the kid level (female only).