Table 4.

Days mean differences relative to baseline ± SD for behavior variables, across the 6W, 8W, and 10W treatment groups

Variable	Day	Mean difference from baseline ± SD			P-value2
		6W	8W	10W
Grooming behaviors1
Self-grooming frequency	−4	−1.7 ± 7.89	−1.3 ± 2.63	−0.4 ± 3.15	0.6690
	0	−4.1 ± 5.73	−1.2 ± 3.82	−1.3 ± 2.06	0.3038
	6	−3.2 ± 6.01	−0.6 ± 3.70	−1.4 ± 3.29	0.6967
	12	−2.5 ± 5.25	−0.7 ± 3.31	0.6 ± 3.48	0.3099
Self-grooming time, s	−4	−12.1 ± 25.33	3.2 ± 12.36	0.2 ± 9.21	0.1376
	0	−18.1 ± 23.27	−3.0 ± 12.16	−1.7 ± 6.77	0.0546
	6	−15.6 ± 24.57	3.8 ± 16.02	−2.3 ± 10.02	0.0973
	12	−13.8 ± 23.02b	0.6 ± 16.59a,b	6.6 ± 10.05a	0.0176
Allogrooming frequency	−4	0.9 ± 2.43	−1.3 ± 1.48	−0.6 ± 2.43	0.0734
	0	0.7 ± 3.89	−1.5 ± 1.57	−1.1 ± 2.15	0.2216
	6	−0.3 ± 2.56	−1.6 ± 1.38	−1.2 ± 2.21	0.1481
	12	−1.0 ± 1.91	−1.3 ± 1.30	−1.3 ± 2.31	0.5320
Allogrooming time, s	−4	0.5 ± 8.23	−2.5 ± 2.97	−1.1 ± 7.20	0.1075
	0	1.5 ± 14.37	−2.9 ± 3.14	−2.8 ± 5.15	0.2517
	6	−1.4 ± 9.50	−3.2 ± 2.76	−1.5 ± 5.25	0.1374
	12	−3.3 ± 8.06	−2.7 ± 2.61	−3.1 ± 6.32	0.5022
Redirected behaviors1
Cross-sucking frequency	−4	−0.8 ± 1.59	−0.1 ± 1.93	0.4 ± 1.08	0.1000
	0	−0.3 ± 2.86	0.1 ± 2.34	0.8 ± 1.64	0.4387
	6	−2.0 ± 2.41	0.2 ± 1.53	−0.2 ± 0.58	0.0358
	12	−2.2 ± 2.48b	0.0 ± 1.48a	0.5 ± 1.17a	0.0032
Cross-sucking time, s	−4	0.6 ± 9.17	3.9 ± 16.43	2.8 ± 9.73	0.4686
	0	1.0 ± 10.97	0.2 ± 4.69	2.5 ± 5.78	0.5359
	6	−5.0 ± 6.12	0.8 ± 3.84	−0.8 ± 1.76	0.0409
	12	−5.3 ± 6.17b	0.0 ± 2.95a	3.6 ± 6.54a	0.0010
Biting and licking frequency	−4	2.1 ± 8.82	−2.4 ± 10.54	1.5 ± 7.08	0.6497
	0	−2.5 ± 11.17	−6.5 ± 10.06	−0.5 ± 9.25	0.4138
	6	−6.6 ± 7.51	−7.8 ± 7.47	−4.3 ± 5.72	0.4264
	12	−4.5 ± 9.00	−8.6 ± 7.74	−2.7 ± 6.47	0.1348
Biting and licking time, s	−4	19.3 ± 41.76	−10.3 ± 40.14	22.3 ± 43.42	0.2187
	0	2.5 ± 46.70	−18.9 ± 39.02	2.3 ± 47.24	0.5901
	6	−12.8 ± 35.44	−25.7 ± 25.96	−15.0 ± 26.83	0.4250
	12	−3.1 ± 33.30	−29.1 ± 30.80	−10.8 ± 30.30	0.0980
Nipple sucking frequency	−4	4.0 ± 2.59	3.3 ± 5.51	1.3 ± 2.53	0.0543
	0	5.9 ± 4.76	4.1 ± 5.72	3.5 ± 6.17	0.8144
	6	0.3 ± 0.65	0.3 ± 0.89	−0.1 ± 1.56	0.6463
	12	0.3 ± 0.45	0.4 ± 0.90	0.0 ± 0.95	0.7935
Nipple sucking time, s	−4	14.0 ± 16.73	14.8 ± 30.80	6.3 ± 34.00	0.2151
	0	27.2 ± 31.40	37.5 ± 82.84	39.6 ± 89.52	0.4393
	6	5.5 ± 17.81	1.3 ± 3.23	0.5 ± 25.56	0.6459
	12	0.8 ± 1.80	1.8 ± 5.15	−1.8 ± 17.70	0.8866
Digging or pawing frequency	−4	0.2 ± 2.44	−0.1 ± 0.29	−0.8 ± 1.75	0.1211
	0	−0.6 ± 1.73	−0.1 ± 0.30	−0.8 ± 1.96	0.8130
	6	−0.6 ± 1.73	0.0 ± 0.43	−0.8 ± 1.71	0.5402
	12	−0.1 ± 0.51	0.0 ± 0.43	−0.9 ± 1.78	0.3194
Displacement at the nipple frequency	−4	0.6 ± 0.90	−0.6 ± 3.75	−0.3 ± 0.97	0.1916
	0	0.1 ± 0.29	−1.0 ± 3.69	−0.3 ± 0.87	0.6240
	6	—	—	—	—
	12	—	—	—	—
Other behaviors1
Vocalization frequency	−4	12.6 ± 30.66	7.8 ± 13.47	−0.4 ± 10.89	0.2429
	0	13.9 ± 14.23a	7.3 ± 7.79b	2.1 ± 4.68b	0.0113
	6	1.6 ± 7.34	0.1 ± 3.68	−3.8 ± 8.99	0.0607
	12	0.7 ± 6.05	2.4 ± 8.01	−2.8 ± 9.92	0.3179

¹Behaviors were observed over 12 nonconsecutive minutes per day of observation.

²Evaluated using a Kruskal–Wallis test.

^a,b,cValues in a row with different superscripts had significant differences between the treatment groups (P < 0.05; DSCF multiple comparison analysis).