. 2024 Feb 2;132(2):027001. doi: 10.1289/EHP13882

Table 3.

Associations between use of self-reported single beauty products during the 10- to 13-years-of-age period and incident breast cancer by race and ethnicity in the Sister Study.

Product	Black or African American ( $lowercase italic n equals 4,049$ )			Non-Black Hispanic/Latina ( $lowercase italic n equals 2,104$ )			Non-Hispanic White ( $lowercase italic n equals 39,312$ )
Product	Use	$n$ cases	Adjusted HR (95% CI)^a	Use	$n$ cases	Adjusted HR (95% CI)^a	Use	$n$ cases	Adjusted HR (95% CI)^a
Mascara	Frequently or sometimes	13	0.89 (0.51, 1.55)	Frequently	5	0.96 (0.39, 2.35)	Frequently	109	1.02 (0.84, 1.23)
	Frequently or sometimes	13	0.89 (0.51, 1.55)	Sometimes	16	0.83 (0.48, 1.41)	Sometimes	447	0.95 (0.86, 1.05)
	Did not use	264	1 (Ref)	Did not use	107	1 (Ref)	Did not use	2,550	1 (Ref)
Eye shadow	Frequently or sometimes^b	17	1.12 (0.68, 1.85)	Frequently or sometimes	20	0.76 (0.46, 1.23)	Frequently	62	0.92 (0.71, 1.18)
	Frequently or sometimes^b	17	1.12 (0.68, 1.85)	Frequently or sometimes	20	0.76 (0.46, 1.23)	Sometimes	443	0.99 (0.89, 1.10)
	Did not use^b	260	1 (Ref)	Did not use	108	1 (Ref)	Did not use	2,610	1 (Ref)
Eye liner	Frequently or sometimes	14	0.91 (0.52, 1.57)	Frequently	5	1.31 (0.54, 3.21)	Frequently	55	1.22 (0.94, 1.60)
	Frequently or sometimes	14	0.91 (0.52, 1.57)	Sometimes	15	1.11 (0.64, 1.92)	Sometimes	216	1.01 (0.88, 1.16)
	Did not use	262	1 (Ref)	Did not use	108	1 (Ref)	Did not use	2,833	1 (Ref)
Lipstick	Frequently	13	1.91 (1.09, 3.32)	Frequently	8	1.26 (0.61, 2.60)	Frequently	163	1.22 (1.04, 1.44)
	Sometimes	34	0.99 (0.69, 1.42)	Sometimes	24	0.88 (0.56, 1.38)	Sometimes	886	1.05 (0.97, 1.14)
	Did not use	229	1 (Ref)	Did not use	96	1 (Ref)	Did not use	2,039	1 (Ref)
Lip moisturizer	Frequently	31	1.24 (0.83, 1.86)	Frequently	7	0.71 (0.33, 1.56)	Frequently	305	0.95 (0.83, 1.09)
	Sometimes	96	1.05 (0.80, 1.38)	Sometimes	43	1.18 (0.81, 1.73)	Sometimes	1,302	0.96 (0.88, 1.04)
	Did not use	144	1 (Ref)	Did not use	75	1 (Ref)	Did not use	1,391	1 (Ref)
Foundation	Frequently or sometimes	14	1.45 (0.84, 2.50)	Frequently or sometimes	15	1.08 (0.63, 1.84)	Frequently	47	0.89 (0.67, 1.19)
	Frequently or sometimes	14	1.45 (0.84, 2.50)	Frequently or sometimes	15	1.08 (0.63, 1.84)	Sometimes	293	1.08 (0.96, 1.22)
	Did not use	262	1 (Ref)	Did not use	113	1 (Ref)	Did not use	2,758	1 (Ref)
Blush or rouge	Frequently or sometimes	17	1.10 (0.67, 1.80)	Frequently	6	1.73 (0.73, 4.08)	Frequently	71	1.00 (0.78, 1.27)
	Frequently or sometimes	17	1.10 (0.67, 1.80)	Sometimes	19	0.81 (0.50, 1.33)	Sometimes	526	1.04 (0.95, 1.15)
	Did not use	258	1 (Ref)	Did not use	103	1 (Ref)	Did not use	2,489	1 (Ref)
Makeup remover	Frequently or sometimes	$less than 5$ ^c	NE^c	Frequently or sometimes^b	13	1.41 (0.78, 2.55)	Frequently	28	1.60 (1.10, 2.32)
	Frequently or sometimes	$less than 5$ ^c	NE^c	Frequently or sometimes^b	13	1.41 (0.78, 2.55)	Sometimes	125	1.03 (0.86, 1.23)
	Did not use	275	NE^c	Did not use^b	113	1 (Ref)	Did not use	2,958	1 (Ref)
Nail polish	Frequently	30	1.23 (0.81, 1.86)	Frequently	11	1.26 (0.65, 2.44)	Frequently	177	0.91 (0.78, 1.07)
	Sometimes	138	0.95 (0.73, 1.23)	Sometimes	60	1.23 (0.84, 1.80)	Sometimes	1,616	0.99 (0.92, 1.06)
	Did not use	96	1 (Ref)	Did not use	51	1 (Ref)	Did not use	1,199	1 (Ref)
Nail polish remover	Frequently	27	1.30 (0.85, 1.99)	Frequently	9	1.09 (0.53, 2.22)	Frequently	142	0.85 (0.72, 1.02)
	Sometimes	135	0.98 (0.76, 1.27)	Sometimes	61	1.23 (0.84, 1.79)	Sometimes	1,569	0.99 (0.91, 1.06)
	Did not use	104	1 (Ref)	Did not use	53	1 (Ref)	Did not use	1,270	1 (Ref)
Cuticle cream	Frequently^b	5	2.87 (1.25, 6.57)	Frequently or sometimes	9	0.75 (0.38, 1.49)	Frequently	8	0.71 (0.36, 1.42)
	Sometimes^b	20	0.92 (0.58, 1.47)	Frequently or sometimes	9	0.75 (0.38, 1.49)	Sometimes	225	1.04 (0.91, 1.19)
	Did not use^b	248	1 (Ref)	Did not use	115	1 (Ref)	Did not use	2,830	1 (Ref)
Artificial nails or fill-ins	Frequently or sometimes	$less than 5$ ^c	NE^c	Frequently or sometimes	5	2.87 (1.19, 6.91)	Frequently or sometimes	19	1.09 (0.69, 1.70)
Artificial nails or fill-ins	Did not use	274	NE^c	Did not use	123	1 (Ref)	Did not use	3,109	1 (Ref)
Perfume or cologne	Frequently	17	0.85 (0.51, 1.42)	Frequently	16	0.97 (0.54, 1.74)	Frequently	203	1.17 (1.00, 1.35)
	Sometimes	147	1.10 (0.86, 1.42)	Sometimes	65	1.21 (0.81, 1.81)	Sometimes	1,626	1.06 (0.98, 1.15)
	Did not use	106	1 (Ref)	Did not use	38	1 (Ref)	Did not use	1,159	1 (Ref)

Note: Participants with missing data on the product of interest are excluded from single-product model. CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; NE, not estimated; Ref, reference.

^{^a}

Adjusted for birth cohort in $approximately 10 years$ intervals, family income level growing up (well off, middle income, low income, poor), and maximum household education level at 13 years of age (less than high school, high school graduate or equivalent, some college or technical school, 4-y degree or higher) in addition to age as the timescale.

^{^b}

Proportional hazards assumption violated for product use variable ( $lowercase italic p less than 0.05$ ).

^{^c}

We did not estimate associations for products with $less than 5$ exposed cases. To protect participant confidentiality, we do not report exact case numbers if $less than 5$ .