. 2024 Feb 2;132(2):027001. doi: 10.1289/EHP13882

Table 5.

Associations between self-reported use of single skincare/hygiene products during the 10- to 13-years-of-age period and incident breast cancer by race and ethnicity in the Sister Study.

Product	Black or African American ( $lowercase italic n equals 4,049$ )			Non-Black Hispanic/Latina ( $lowercase italic n equals 2,104$ )			Non-Hispanic White ( $lowercase italic n equals 39,312$ )
Product	Use	$n$ cases	Adjusted HR (95% CI)^a	Use	$n$ cases	Adjusted HR (95% CI)^a	Use	$n$ cases	Adjusted HR (95% CI)^a
Body lotions or creams	Frequently	157	1.18 (0.80, 1.75)	Frequently	28	1.26 (0.78, 2.05)	Frequently	250	0.91 (0.79, 1.04)
	Sometimes	81	1.26 (0.84, 1.90)	Sometimes	41	1.00 (0.65, 1.53)	Sometimes	1,305	0.96 (0.89, 1.03)
	Did not use	34	1 (Ref)	Did not use	53	1 (Ref)	Did not use	1,415	1 (Ref)
Hand lotions or creams	Frequently	124	1.02 (0.71, 1.48)	Frequently	22	0.97 (0.58, 1.63)	Frequently	283	0.85 (0.74, 0.97)
	Sometimes	105	1.18 (0.81, 1.71)	Sometimes	50	1.03 (0.69, 1.54)	Sometimes	1,577	0.93 (0.86, 1.01)
	Did not use	38	1 (Ref)	Did not use	49	1 (Ref)	Did not use	1,100	1 (Ref)
Foot lotions or creams	Frequently	25	0.96 (0.63, 1.45)	Frequently or sometimes	21	1.20 (0.75, 1.92)	Frequently	12	0.66 (0.37, 1.15)
	Sometimes	35	0.83 (0.58, 1.19)	Frequently or sometimes	21	1.20 (0.75, 1.92)	Sometimes	144	0.85 (0.72, 1.00)
	Did not use	213	1 (Ref)	Did not use	102	1 (Ref)	Did not use	2,919	1 (Ref)
Baby oil or mineral-based oils	Frequently^b	55	1.23 (0.88, 1.72)	Frequently	7	1.16 (0.52, 2.60)	Frequently	172	0.97 (0.83, 1.13)
	Sometimes^b	113	1.23 (0.94, 1.62)	Sometimes	36	0.85 (0.57, 1.27)	Sometimes	1,253	0.98 (0.90, 1.05)
	Did not use^b	101	1 (Ref)	Did not use	79	1 (Ref)	Did not use	1,589	1 (Ref)
Petroleum jelly	Frequently	139	1.13 (0.80, 1.59)	Frequently or sometimes	24	0.92 (0.59, 1.43)	Frequently	48	0.93 (0.70, 1.24)
	Sometimes	94	0.97 (0.68, 1.40)	Frequently or sometimes	24	0.92 (0.59, 1.43)	Sometimes	599	0.97 (0.89, 1.06)
	Did not use	42	1 (Ref)	Did not use	100	1 (Ref)	Did not use	2,352	1 (Ref)
Skin lighteners	Frequently or sometimes	17	1.20 (0.73, 1.96)	Frequently or sometimes	$less than 5$ ^c	NE^c	Frequently or sometimes	5	0.97 (0.40, 2.35)
Skin lighteners	Did not use	261	1 (Ref)	Did not use	128	NE^c	Did not use	3,129	1 (Ref)
Self-tanning products	Frequently or sometimes	$less than 5$ ^c	NE^c	Frequently or sometimes	6	1.01 (0.45, 2.28)	Frequently	9	0.94 (0.49, 1.81)
	Frequently or sometimes	$less than 5$ ^c	NE^c	Frequently or sometimes	6	1.01 (0.45, 2.28)	Sometimes	147	0.93 (0.79, 1.10)
	Did not use	276	NE^c	Did not use	121	1 (Ref)	Did not use	2,965	1 (Ref)
Bath or shower gel	Frequently	19	1.06 (0.66, 1.70)	Frequently or sometimes	8	0.66 (0.32, 1.38)	Frequently	44	1.14 (0.85, 1.54)
	Sometimes	26	0.99 (0.65, 1.50)	Frequently or sometimes	8	0.66 (0.32, 1.38)	Sometimes	121	0.93 (0.77, 1.12)
	Did not use	231	1 (Ref)	Did not use	115	1 (Ref)	Did not use	2,919	1 (Ref)
Shaving cream or gel	Frequently or sometimes	20	0.89 (0.56, 1.42)	Frequently or sometimes	25	0.96 (0.61, 1.51)	Frequently	130	1.13 (0.95, 1.35)
	Frequently or sometimes	20	0.89 (0.56, 1.42)	Frequently or sometimes	25	0.96 (0.61, 1.51)	Sometimes	669	1.01 (0.93, 1.11)
	Did not use	253	1 (Ref)	Did not use	99	1 (Ref)	Did not use	2,205	1 (Ref)
Deodorant or antiperspirant	Frequently	224	1.45 (0.86, 2.44)	Frequently	60	0.89 (0.57, 1.39)	Frequently	1,336	1.02 (0.93, 1.12)
	Sometimes	31	0.91 (0.49, 1.68)	Sometimes	24	0.84 (0.49, 1.44)	Sometimes	861	0.95 (0.86, 1.04)
	Did not use	16	1 (Ref)	Did not use	31	1 (Ref)	Did not use	740	1 (Ref)
Face cream or moisturizer	Frequently	24	0.94 (0.62, 1.44)	Frequently	6	0.67 (0.29, 1.57)	Frequently^b	107	0.95 (0.78, 1.15)
	Sometimes	40	0.92 (0.65, 1.29)	Sometimes	15	0.95 (0.55, 1.65)	Sometimes^b	438	1.01 (0.91, 1.12)
	Did not use	210	1 (Ref)	Did not use	106	1 (Ref)	Did not use^b	2,522	1 (Ref)
Cleansing cream	Frequently	8	0.59 (0.29, 1.20)	Frequently	5	0.84 (0.34, 2.10)	Frequently	117	0.96 (0.79, 1.15)
	Sometimes	23	0.61 (0.40, 0.95)	Sometimes	17	0.95 (0.57, 1.59)	Sometimes	456	1.04 (0.94, 1.15)
	Did not use	245	1 (Ref)	Did not use	105	1 (Ref)	Did not use	2,498	1 (Ref)
Face masks	Frequently or sometimes	13	1.25 (0.71, 2.21)	Frequently or sometimes	12	1.15 (0.62, 2.15)	Frequently or sometimes	190	1.13 (0.97, 1.31)
Face masks	Did not use	265	1 (Ref)	Did not use	115	1 (Ref)	Did not use	2,927	1 (Ref)
Blemish or acne products	Frequently	20	1.15 (0.73, 1.81)	Frequently	8	0.72 (0.34, 1.51)	Frequently	473	1.16 (1.04, 1.29)
	Sometimes	60	1.03 (0.77, 1.38)	Sometimes	33	0.97 (0.64, 1.48)	Sometimes	1,094	1.07 (0.98, 1.16)
	Did not use	196	1 (Ref)	Did not use	85	1 (Ref)	Did not use	1,500	1 (Ref)
Mouthwash or rinse	Frequently	71	1.13 (0.83, 1.55)	Frequently	7	0.65 (0.30, 1.40)	Frequently	129	1.08 (0.90, 1.29)
	Sometimes	100	1.00 (0.76, 1.33)	Sometimes	32	0.92 (0.61, 1.40)	Sometimes	762	0.95 (0.88, 1.04)
	Did not use	99	1 (Ref)	Did not use	77	1 (Ref)	Did not use	2,065	1 (Ref)
Talcum powder under arms	Frequently	24	1.14 (0.74, 1.75)	Frequently	6	1.03 (0.44, 2.42)	Frequently	89	0.96 (0.78, 1.19)
	Sometimes	93	1.05 (0.81, 1.36)	Sometimes	27	0.89 (0.58, 1.39)	Sometimes	609	0.93 (0.85, 1.02)
	Did not use	149	1 (Ref)	Did not use	89	1 (Ref)	Did not use	2,239	1 (Ref)
Talcum powder on genital area	Frequently	25	1.13 (0.74, 1.73)	Frequently or sometimes	16	0.79 (0.47, 1.32)	Frequently	73	1.01 (0.80, 1.27)
	Sometimes	72	0.91 (0.69, 1.19)	Frequently or sometimes	16	0.79 (0.47, 1.32)	Sometimes	429	0.92 (0.83, 1.02)
	Did not use	177	1 (Ref)	Did not use	111	1 (Ref)	Did not use	2,511	1 (Ref)
Talcum powder on other areas	Frequently	36	0.96 (0.66, 1.40)	Frequently	7	0.80 (0.37, 1.73)	Frequently	121	0.94 (0.78, 1.12)
	Sometimes	127	1.00 (0.77, 1.30)	Sometimes	41	0.85 (0.58, 1.26)	Sometimes	1,074	0.92 (0.85, 0.99)
	Did not use	105	1 (Ref)	Did not use	69	1 (Ref)	Did not use	1,717	1 (Ref)

Note: Participants with missing data on the product of interest are excluded from single-product model. CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; NE, not estimated; Ref, reference.

^{^a}

Adjusted for birth cohort in $approximately 10 years$ intervals, family income level growing up (well off, middle income, low income, poor), and maximum household education level at 13 years of age (less than high school, high school graduate or equivalent, some college or technical school, 4-y degree or higher) in addition to age as the timescale.

^{^b}

Proportional hazards assumption violated for product use variable ( $lowercase italic p less than 0.05$ ).

^{^c}

We did not estimate associations for products with $less than 5$ exposed cases. To protect participant confidentiality, we do not report exact case numbers if $less than 5$ .