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. 2024 Feb 2;19(2):e0293130. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293130

Table 1. Demographics.

Variable International Students (n = 197) Domestic Students (n = 222) Total (N = 419) p
Age 20.27±2.75 24.62±3.38 22.53±3.91 < .001*
Sex
Male
Female

110 (55.8%)
86 (43.7%)

112 (50.5%)
110 (49.5%)

222 (53%)
196 (47%)
.386
Ethnicity
Caucasian
Asian
Hispanic
Black/African American
American Indian

24 (12.2%)
137 (69.5%)
15 (7.6%)
10 (5.1%)
0

171 (77%)
27 (12.2%)
8 (3.6%)
7 (3.2%)
7 (3.2%)

195 (46.5%)
164 (39%)
23 (5.4%)
27 (6.4%)
7 (1.6%)
< .001*
Health status
Diabetes
Hypertension
Autoimmune disease
Hepatitis
Asthma
Cardiac disease
Other chronic conditions
Healthy overall

1 (.5%)
1 (.5%)
2 (1%)
0
3 (1.5%)
0
3 (1.5%)
75 (88.8%)

26 (11.7%)
36 (16.2%)
19 (8.6%)
6 (2.7%)
16 (7.2%)
2 (1%)
3 (1.4%)
109 (49.1%)

27 (6.4%)
37 (8.8%)
21 (5%)
6 (1.4%)
19 (4.5%)
2 (.5%)
6 (1.4%)
284 (67.8%)
< .001*
Smoking status
Yes
No, never
Past smoker

15 (7.6%)
167 (84.8%)
8 (4.1%)

59 (26.6%)
145 (65.3%)
13 (5.9%)

74 (17.7%)
312 (74.5%)
21 (5%)
.010*
Currently up to date on vaccinations 147 (74.6%) 172 (77.5%) 319 (76%) .783
Have health insurance 186 (94.4%) 170 (76.6%) < .001*
School
Agriculture
Arts & Letters
Business
Communication Arts
Education
Engineering
Human Medicine
Law
Music
Natural Science
Nursing
Osteopathic Medicine
Social Science
Other

5 (2.5%)
0
36 (18.3%)
15 (7.6%)
6 (3%)
62 (31.5%)
2 (1%)
2 (1%)
2 (1%)
28 (14.2%)
1 (.5%)
2 (1%)
23 (11.7%)
9 (4.6%)

4 (1.8%)
22 (9.9%)
30 (13.5%)
22 (9.9%)
30 (13.5%)
67 (30.2%)
11 (5%)
2 (1%)
2 (1%)
7 (3.2%)
1 (.5%)
2 (1%)
14 (6.3%)
6 (2.7%)

9 (2%)
22 (5%)
66 (16%)
37 (8.8%)
36 (8.6%)
129 (31%)
13 (3%)
4 (1%)
4 (1%)
35 (8.4%)
2 (.5%)
4 (1%)
37 (8.8%)
15 (3.6%)
< .001*
College year
Freshman
Sophomore
Junior
Senior

73 (37.1%)
33 (16.8%)
49 (24.9%)
38 (19.3%)

24 (10.8%)
32 (14.4%)
72 (32.4%)
92 (41.4%)

97 (23%)
65 (16%)
121 (29%)
130 (31%)
< .001*
Marital status
Married/living with partner
Divorced/separated
Single
In a relationship

5 (2.5%)
1 (.5%)
150 (76.1%)
38 (19.3%)

90 (40.5%)
0
100 (49.1%)
23 (10.4%)

95 (22.7%)
1 (.2%)
259 (61.8%)
61 (14.6%)
< .001*

Note.

*Results were statistically significant.