Figure 3. Circadian regulation of the vaccination process.

Syntheses of studies conducted in mice that examine clock regulation of immune processes that contribute to vaccination are described in blue text. These include DC activation at the site of intramuscular injection (105, 106, 152), trafficking of DCs and lymphocytes to the lymph node (107, 153, 154), selection of antigen-specific T and B cells (108, 109, 112), and effector function (111, 112).