. 2023 Nov 19;5(1):50–59. doi: 10.1016/j.hroo.2023.11.012

Table 1.

Main clinical manifestations of cardiac sarcoidosis in a large cohort of 351 patients

Clinical manifestations^∗	%
High-grade AVB	43
Heart failure	15
Sudden cardiac death	14
Sustained VT	13
Nonsustained VT	6
Syndrome mimicking AMI^†	3
Atrial tachycardia	1
Others^‡	4

AMI = acute myocardial infarction; AVB = atrioventricular block; VT = ventricular tachycardia.

^∗

From the study of Nordenswan and colleagues⁷ involving a nationwide registry of Myocardial Inflammatory Diseases in Finland with female predominance (71%) and a mean age of 51 years. The diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis was based on the 2014 Heart Rhythm Society and World Association of Sarcoidosis and Other Granulomatous Diseases diagnostic criteria for cardiac sarcoidosis.²⁰^,²¹

^†

Chest pain and ischemic changes on the electrocardiogram with normal coronary angiogram.

^‡

1 or more of the following: unexplained syncope, elevated cardiac troponin, bundle branch block on the electrocardiogram, or typical angina, fatigue, or dyspnea.