Fig. 2. LDLR is required for CCHFV infection.

a A schematic presentation of full-length LDLR and its truncated mutants that lack the ligand binding domain (∆LBD) and epidermal growth factor like domain (∆EGF). b–f The LBD of LDLR is important for CCHFV infection. The control (gNC) or LDLR-deficient (gLDLR-C1) SW13 cells were reconstituted with a control vector, full-length LDLR or the indicated LDLR truncations respectively. The cells were inoculated with CCHFV (MOI = 0.05), and CCHFV NP expression (b 48 hpi), mRNA level of CCHFV S segment (c 24 hpi), percentage of CCHFV Gn-positive cells (d 48 hpi), cell survival (e 72 hpi) and production of CCHFV progeny viruses (f 72 hpi) were measured by RT-qPCR, immunoblots, flow cytometry, crystal violet staining and TCID₅₀ assay, respectively. LOD, limit of detection. Data are represented as mean ± SD. ****P < 0.0001; ns, not significant.