Table 4.

Approaches to addressing family‐centred care domains.

Approaches	Number of interventions	Implementation examples
Communication and information provision	45 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 60 , 61 , 63 , 64 , 66 , 67 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 80 , 82 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 , 92 , 93 , 94 , 96 , 97 , 98 , 99 , 100 , 101 , 102 , 103
In‐person interactions with providers	27 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 57 , 60 , 61 , 63 , 66 , 67 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 80 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 90 , 91 , 94 , 96 , 99 , 101	Educational sessions to assess and address families' information needs Training sessions to coach children and their families on how to manage the disease
Tools and aids	27 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 54 , 56 , 58 , 63 , 64 , 66 , 75 , 78 , 82 , 84 , 86 , 89 , 90 , 92 , 94 , 96 , 97 , 99 , 101 , 102 , 103	Educational aids (videos, printed materials) providing caregivers with information about the disease, symptoms and management Communication tools (online platforms, mobile apps, checklists) facilitating bidirectional information sharing with providers
Using technology to facilitate information sharing	9 49 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 89 , 93 , 98 , 100 , 102	Telemedicine programmes to educate and train caregivers on how to manage symptoms
Family involvement	37 41 , 42 , 43 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 50 , 51 , 53 , 54 , 57 , 58 , 60 , 61 , 66 , 67 , 69 , 71 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 82 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 , 92 , 95 , 97 , 99 , 100 , 101
Involving families in decision‐making about care or treatment	22 41 , 42 , 43 , 45 , 46 , 51 , 57 , 58 , 66 , 67 , 69 , 71 , 73 , 74 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 82 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 95 , 100	Provide decision‐making tools (e.g., checklists, mobile applications) Adaptation of a decision‐making process (e.g., decision‐making discussions) Train families to be involved in decision‐making
Involving families as recipients of care and focusing on their well‐being	13 47 , 50 , 53 , 54 , 57 , 58 , 60 , 66 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 86 , 87 , 88	Assess family members' wellbeing and include their needs in the care plan Train family members to self‐regulate their emotions Support family members emotionally and psychologically during and outside clinical visits
Supporting families to participate in the care of the child	14 42 , 43 , 47 , 53 , 54 , 60 , 61 , 67 , 71 , 85 , 91 , 92 , 97 , 99 , 101	Train family members to provide care to the child (e.g., day‐to‐day support) Identify family members' roles and responsibilities within the care plan Ensure timely family presence during care (i.e., during hospitalization)
Access to care	30 44 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 62 , 63 , 65 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 83 , 86 , 88 , 89 , 91 , 93 , 95 , 96 , 98 , 100 , 101 , 103
Using technology to connect families to providers	12 49 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 57 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 83 , 88 , 89 , 93 , 98	Telemedicine‐based programme connecting remote families to providers Access to providers via telephone or email channels to receive support
Programme or care delivery in communities	10 48 , 52 , 59 , 60 , 65 , 88 , 91 , 95 , 100 , 101	School‐based programme Medical home approach to care delivery in the community Home visits
Facilitating timely and affordable linkage to hospital or community services	8 44 , 50 , 52 , 53 , 58 , 60 , 72 , 103	Checklists to assess service needs Booking system accessible to caregivers Designate community health workers to deliver care
Appointment scheduling and logistic support	6 52 , 57 , 60 , 72 , 83 , 93	Transportation support Designate a team member to schedule appointments
Improving availability of and access to medications	6 57 , 62 , 73 , 74 , 88 , 93 , 96	Medication supply to rural posts (connected via telemedicine) Dispense medications at discharge
Access to an online platform for treatment and support	4 49 , 50 , 51 , 63	Websites or mobile applications to answer caregiver questions
Care coordination	28 44 , 48 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 57 , 59 , 60 , 65 , 68 , 70 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 76 , 80 , 82 , 83 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 91 , 93 , 95 , 96 , 100 , 102
Adapting a team‐based approach to care delivery	15 44 , 53 , 59 , 60 , 65 , 70 , 82 , 83 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 91 , 95 , 96 , 100	Medical home or ‘one‐stop‐shop’ clinic Coordination of care delivery responsibilities among a multidisciplinary team
Identification of one or more team members to coordinate care	13 48 , 50 , 52 , 57 , 59 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 76 , 80 , 88 , 93 , 95 , 100	Identification of a team member to coordinate care professionals and/or liaise with the child and family Adapt a referral system to different providers
Documenting and sharing care plans and progress reports with other providers	11 44 , 51 , 53 , 65 , 73 , 74 , 80 , 82 , 83 , 89 , 95 , 102	Accessible electronic health records where care plans can be shared Provide caregivers with progress reports to share with other providers
Using technology to enhance coordination	8 50 , 51 , 53 , 60 , 68 , 82 , 89 , 102	Telemedicine programmes connecting families to multiple remote providers
Respect for child and family	27 42 , 43 , 45 , 46 , 51 , 53 , 57 , 58 , 60 , 64 , 66 , 71 , 76 , 77 , 79 , 80 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 90 , 94 , 95 , 96 , 97 , 99 , 101
In‐person assessments of child and family values, preferences, and needs	17 42 , 43 , 45 , 51 , 53 , 57 , 60 , 66 , 71 , 77 , 79 , 80 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 95 , 99	Home visit before intake to assess needs Discussion at initial contact about families' worldview and understanding of child's condition
Communication tools to promote families' expression of their values and needs	6 46 , 58 , 64 , 66 , 90 , 97	Checklists Question prompt lists Mobile applications and gamified tools
Adjusting activities and communication to age, language, and culture	5 76 , 84 , 94 , 96 , 101	Translators and interpreters Use child‐friendly language to explain the disease and its symptoms Adapt educational materials to the culture and language of the family
Follow‐up and continuity of care	24 50 , 52 , 53 , 57 , 59 , 60 , 63 , 70 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 78 , 80 , 83 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 91 , 93 , 95 , 96 , 100 , 102 , 103
Ensuring access to follow‐up care	22 50 , 52 , 53 , 57 , 60 , 63 , 70 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 78 , 80 , 83 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 93 , 95 , 96 , 100 , 102 , 103	Contact the family after discharge and schedule follow‐up appointments Provide discharge instructions or follow‐up care plans and review them periodically Assess and address child and family needs regularly after discharge (e.g., medical refills, financial needs)
Facilitating care transitions between different settings or levels of care	8 52 , 60 , 70 , 86 , 88 , 91 , 93 , 100	From intensive or critical care to the regular ward From tertiary or secondary care to primary care From inpatient care in the hospital to outpatient care in the community
Designating a team member to support follow‐up and continuity of care	8 52 , 57 , 59 , 63 , 73 , 74 , 80 , 83 , 95	Accompany families to outpatient clinic visits after discharge Monitor families' attendance of follow‐up appointments
Emotional support	18 47 , 53 , 54 , 57 , 60 , 61 , 63 , 64 , 75 , 79 , 81 , 84 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 91 , 95 , 101
Designating an individual or group to provide emotional, psychological, or spiritual support	11 47 , 53 , 54 , 57 , 60 , 63 , 75 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 91	Individual or group counselling by psychologists, social workers, health care providers or the clergy
Making changes to the visit process or adjusting the environment of the clinical setting	6 53 , 61 , 75 , 81 , 84 , 95	Create child‐friendly spaces using toys and drawings Expedite the admission process to prevent busy and stressful waiting rooms
Physical comfort	7 53 , 61 , 64 , 75 , 81 , 84 , 88
Making changes to the visit process or adjusting the environment of the clinical setting	6 53 , 61 , 75 , 81 , 84 , 88	Give families light control or minimizing bright lights Schedule surgeries early in the morning to prevent long fasting times
Addressing or minimizing physical pain	2 64 , 88	Tools that allow children to communicate their pain symptoms and location to providers Incorporate pain management strategies (e.g., medications, relaxation training) into the care plan