Table 2.
Associations of CIR tertiles at 1-year with cardiometabolic risk factors at 3-yrs and 5-yrs, respectively, before (unadjusted model) and after adjustment for age, ethnicity, family history of diabetes, BMI at 1-year, and baseline (1-year) measure of the respective risk factor (adjusted model).
| Unadjusted model |
p | Adjusted model |
p | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β estimate | 95% CI | β estimate | 95% CI | |||
| At 3-years | ||||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 0.38 | 0.23 | ||||
| Highest CIR tertile at 1-yr | 0.99 | (−0.41, 2.38) | −0.38 | (−0.83, 0.07) | ||
| Middle CIR tertile at 1-yr | 0.40 | (−0.99, 1.78) | −0.25 | (−0.69, 0.19) | ||
| Lowest CIR tertile at 1-yr | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||
| Waist circumference (cm) | 0.11 | 0.59 | ||||
| Highest CIR tertile at 1-yr | 3.51 | (0.18, 6.83) | −0.78 | (−2.35, 0.80) | ||
| Middle CIR tertile at 1-yr | 2.46 | (−0.87, 5.79) | −0.14 | (−1.70, 1.42) | ||
| Lowest CIR tertile at 1-yr | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 0.71 | 0.57 | ||||
| Highest CIR tertile at 1-yr | −0.02 | (−0.22, 0.19) | −0.02 | (−0.16, 0.13) | ||
| Middle CIR tertile at 1-yr | 0.07 | (−0.14, 0.27) | 0.06 | (−0.08, 0.20) | ||
| Lowest CIR tertile at 1-yr | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 0.03 | 0.79 | ||||
| Highest CIR tertile at 1-yr | −0.13 | (−0.22, −0.03) | −0.02 | (−0.08, 0.04) | ||
| Middle CIR tertile at 1-yr | −0.06 | (−0.15, 0.04) | −0.003 | (−0.06, 0.05) | ||
| Lowest CIR tertile at 1-yr | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||
| Log triglycerides (mmol/l) | 0.11 | 0.88 | ||||
| Highest CIR tertile at 1-yr | 0.11 | (−0.003, 0.22) | 0.02 | (−0.06, 0.10) | ||
| Middle CIR tertile at 1-yr | 0.10 | (−0.01, 0.21) | 0.01 | (−0.07, 0.10) | ||
| Lowest CIR tertile at 1-yr | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||
| Log CRP (mg/l) | 0.06 | 0.88 | ||||
| Highest CIR tertile at 1-yr | 0.41 | (0.07, 0.74) | 0.07 | (−0.21, 0.34) | ||
| Middle CIR tertile at 1-yr | 0.18 | (−0.15, 0.52) | 0.05 | (−0.22, 0.32) | ||
| Lowest CIR tertile at 1-yr | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||
| Log Matsuda index | 0.15 | 0.48 | ||||
| Highest CIR tertile at 1-yr | −0.16 | (−0.33, 0.01) | 0.08 | (−0.05, 0.20) | ||
| Middle CIR tertile at 1-yr | −0.14 | (−0.31, 0.03) | 0.05 | (−0.07, 0.18) | ||
| Lowest CIR tertile at 1-yr | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||
| Log HOMA-IR | 0.07 | 0.90 | ||||
| Highest CIR tertile at 1-yr | 0.20 | (0.03, 0.37) | −0.03 | (−0.17, 0.11) | ||
| Middle CIR tertile at 1-yr | 0.13 | (−0.04, 0.30) | −0.03 | (−0.16, 0.11) | ||
| Lowest CIR tertile at 1-yr | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||
| Log ISSI-2 | <0.001 | 0.02 | ||||
| Highest CIR tertile at 1-yr | 0.31 | (0.20, 0.41) | 0.16 | (0.05, 0.27) | ||
| Middle CIR tertile at 1-yr | 0.14 | (0.04, 0.25) | 0.07 | (−0.03, 0.17) | ||
| Lowest CIR tertile at 1-yr | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||
| Log IGI/HOMA-IR | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| Highest CIR tertile at 1-yr | 0.73 | (0.49, 0.96) | 0.82 | (0.49, 1.16) | ||
| Middle CIR tertile at 1-yr | 0.36 | (0.12, 0.60) | 0.42 | (0.15, 0.69) | ||
| Lowest CIR tertile at 1-yr | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||
| Fasting glucose (mmol/l) | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| Highest CIR tertile at 1-yr | −0.33 | (−0.46, −0.19) | −0.23 | (−0.34, −0.11) | ||
| Middle CIR tertile at 1-yr | −0.11 | (−0.25, 0.02) | −0.09 | (−0.21, 0.02) | ||
| Lowest CIR tertile at 1-yr | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||
| 2-h glucose (mmol/l) | <0.001 | 0.19 | ||||
| Highest CIR tertile at 1-yr | −1.01 | (−1.50, −0.52) | −0.41 | (−0.86, 0.03) | ||
| Middle CIR tertile at 1-yr | −0.55 | (−1.04, −0.05) | −0.24 | (−0.66, 0.18) | ||
| Lowest CIR tertile at 1-yr | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||
| At 5-years | ||||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 0.40 | 0.43 | ||||
| Highest CIR tertile at 1-yr | 0.93 | (−0.49, 2.35) | −0.29 | (−0.89, 0.32) | ||
| Middle CIR tertile at 1-yr | 0.18 | (−1.24, 1.59) | −0.38 | (−0.98, 0.22) | ||
| Lowest CIR tertile at 1-yr | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||
| Waist circumference (cm) | 0.32 | 0.14 | ||||
| Highest CIR tertile at 1-yr | 2.44 | (−0.92, 5.79) | −1.43 | (−3.33, 0.46) | ||
| Middle CIR tertile at 1-yr | 0.41 | (−2.94, 3.77) | −1.82 | (−3.69, 0.06) | ||
| Lowest CIR tertile at 1-yr | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 0.72 | 0.53 | ||||
| Highest CIR tertile at 1-yr | 0.07 | (−0.12, 0.27) | 0.08 | (−0.06, 0.22) | ||
| Middle CIR tertile at 1-yr | 0.07 | (−0.13, 0.26) | 0.05 | (−0.09, 0.19) | ||
| Lowest CIR tertile at 1-yr | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 0.08 | 0.94 | ||||
| Highest CIR tertile at 1-yr | −0.12 | (−0.22, −0.01) | −0.003 | (−0.07, 0.07) | ||
| Middle CIR tertile at 1-yr | −0.06 | (−0.16, 0.05) | −0.01 | (−0.08, 0.06) | ||
| Lowest CIR tertile at 1-yr | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||
| Log triglycerides (mmol/l) | 0.64 | 0.57 | ||||
| Highest CIR tertile at 1-yr | 0.05 | (−0.05, 0.16) | −0.01 | (−0.10, 0.07) | ||
| Middle CIR tertile at 1-yr | 0.02 | (−0.08, 0.12) | −0.04 | (−0.13, 0.04) | ||
| Lowest CIR tertile at 1-yr | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||
| Log CRP (mg/l) | 0.11 | 0.24 | ||||
| Highest CIR tertile at 1-yr | 0.23 | (−0.11, 0.57) | −0.13 | (−0.41, 0.15) | ||
| Middle CIR tertile at 1-yr | −0.13 | (−0.46, 0.21) | −0.24 | (−0.51, 0.04) | ||
| Lowest CIR tertile at 1-yr | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||
| Log Matsuda index | 0.11 | 0.12 | ||||
| Highest CIR tertile at 1-yr | −0.18 | (−0.34, −0.01) | 0.02 | (−0.11, 0.15) | ||
| Middle CIR tertile at 1-yr | −0.07 | (−0.24, 0.09) | 0.12 | (−0.004, 0.25) | ||
| Lowest CIR tertile at 1-yr | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||
| Log HOMA-IR | 0.02 | 0.49 | ||||
| Highest CIR tertile at 1-yr | 0.23 | (0.07, 0.40) | 0.05 | (−0.09, 0.18) | ||
| Middle CIR tertile at 1-yr | 0.12 | (−0.04, 0.29) | −0.03 | (−0.16, 0.10) | ||
| Lowest CIR tertile at 1-yr | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||
| Log ISSI-2 | <0.001 | 0.002 | ||||
| Highest CIR tertile at 1-yr | 0.39 | (0.28, 0.50) | 0.19 | (0.08, 0.31) | ||
| Middle CIR tertile at 1-yr | 0.13 | (0.01, 0.24) | 0.03 | (−0.07, 0.13) | ||
| Lowest CIR tertile at 1-yr | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||
| Log IGI/HOMA-IR | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| Highest CIR tertile at 1-yr | 0.66 | (0.43, 0.88) | 0.67 | (0.36, 0.99) | ||
| Middle CIR tertile at 1-yr | 0.27 | (0.05, 0.50) | 0.33 | (0.08, 0.58) | ||
| Lowest CIR tertile at 1-yr | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||
| Fasting glucose (mmol/l) | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| Highest CIR tertile at 1-yr | −0.34 | (−0.48, −0.19) | −0.19 | (−0.30, −0.07) | ||
| Middle CIR tertile at 1-yr | −0.24 | (−0.39, −0.10) | −0.21 | (−0.32, −0.10) | ||
| Lowest CIR tertile at 1-yr | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||
| 2-h glucose (mmol/l) | <0.001 | 0.008 | ||||
| Highest CIR tertile at 1-yr | −1.63 | (−2.18, −1.08) | −0.82 | (−1.33, −0.31) | ||
| Middle CIR tertile at 1-yr | −0.76 | (−1.31, −0.21) | −0.40 | (−0.88, 0.08) | ||
| Lowest CIR tertile at 1-yr | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||
The p-values reflect the overall significance of CIR tertiles at 1-year in predicting the indicated cardiometabolic risk factor at 3-years or 5-years, respectively, in the indicated models. Bold indicates p < 0.05.