Table 1.

Comparison of Clinical and Laboratory Characteristics in Patients With Complications and Without Complications

	Patients With Complication (n = 26)	Patients Without Complication (n = 58)	P
Age (years)	14.9 ± 2.5	14.1 ± 2.4	.063a
Sex (M/F)	15/13	28/27	.822b
BMI SDS	−0.35 ± 1.2	0 ± 1.2	.264a
Diabetes duration, years	7.4 ± 3.6	5.6 ± 3.1	.037 c
Age at diabetes onset, years	7.5 ± 3.2	9 ± 3.5	.065a
Tanner puberty staging	4.1 ± 1.2	3.8 ± 1.3	.307 a
Insulin dosage, U/kg/day	1.07 ± 0.3	1.03 ± 0.2	.332a
HbA1c, %	8.34 ± 1.3	8.47 ± 1.1	.566a
Mean HbA1c, % (last 24 months)	8.55 ± 1.5	8.33 ± 1.6	.786a
Total cholesterol mg/dL	169 ± 35	163 ± 33	.052c
LDL mg/dL	87.1 ± 33	83.5 ± 27	.558c
HDL mg/dL	64.2 ± 17	58 ± 12	.137a
Triglycerides mg/dL	91 ± 43	111 ± 57	.066c
Non-HDL mg/dL	87.1 ± 33	87.1 ± 33	.824c
Uric acid mg/dL	3.05 ± 1.06	3.48 ± 1.12	.093a
Creatinine mg/dL	0.7 ± 0.16	0.72 ± 0.11	.667a
Urine microalbumin–creatinine mg/g	12.3 ± 8.1	8.7 ± 1.6	<.001 c
eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m²	133 ± 33	126 ± 21	.831c
Hypertension	5/28	3/56	.108b
Dyslipidemia	3/28	5/56	.997b
Serum AGEs (AU/mg×103)	49.6 ± 32.5	41.7 ± 16.4	.351c
a) Nephropathy (n = 13)	64.8 ± 43.6	41.7 ± 16.4	.032 d	.023 e
b) Peripheral neuropathy (n = 3 )	39.6 ± 13.6			.973e
c) Retinopathy (n = 3)	28.7 ± 18.8			.383e
d) Optic neuropathy (n = 14)	38.6 ± 10.6			.631e

BMI, body mass index; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; SDS, standard deviation score.

^aStudent’s t-test.

^bchi-Ssquare test.

^cMann–Whitney U-test,

^dKruskal–Wallis test.

^eDunn’s test.