Table 3.
Differences in the DASH score associated with each additional BP-lowering medication class among the 915 included participants with MetS-associated high BP, after stratification by key characteristics∗
| Stratification | β coefficient (95% CI) associated with each additional BP-lowering medication class | P value | P value for interaction |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | |||
| Women | –0.24 (–0.68, 0.20) | 0.29 | 0.24 |
| Men | 0.12 (–0.29, 0.53) | 0.57 | |
| Age | |||
| Men: < 50 years Women: < 60 years |
–0.72 (–1.24, –0.19) | 0.007 | 0.001 |
| Men: ≥ 50 years Women: ≥ 60 years |
0.32 (–0.05, 0.69) | 0.09 | |
| Education level | |||
| High school or less | 0.07 (–0.48, 0.63) | 0.79 | 0.61 |
| College or university | –0.10 (–0.45, 0.26) | 0.60 | |
| Annual household income | |||
| < $50,000 | –0.17 (–0.65, 0.30) | 0.47 | 0.52 |
| ≥ $50,000 | 0.03 (–0.36, 0.42) | 0.89 | |
| Body mass index | |||
| < 30 kg/m2 | –0.13 (–0.57, 0.32) | 0.58 | 0.55 |
| ≥ 30 kg/m2 | 0.06 (–0.35, 0.47) | 0.78 | |
| Smoking status | |||
| Never | –0.08 (–0.59, 0.43) | 0.77 | 0.98 |
| Past | –0.04 (–0.45, 0.37) | 0.85 | |
| Current | 0.02 (–0.86, 0.89) | 0.97 | |
| Self-reported history of BP cholesterol | |||
| No | 0.09 (–0.29, 0.47) | 0.63 | 0.23 |
| Yes | –0.28 (–0.78, 0.21) | 0.26 | |
| Framingham risk score | |||
| Low (< 10%) | –0.70 (–1.31, –0.09) | 0.02 | 0.05 |
| Moderate (10%-19%) | 0.00 (–0.45, 0.45) | 0.99 | |
| High (≥ 20%) | 0.30 (–0.24, 0.84) | 0.28 |
BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; CI, confidence interval; DASH, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension; MetS, metabolic syndrome.
Data are presented as β coefficient (95% confidence interval), in DASH points, associated with each additional BP-lowering medication class (continuous variable). Models were adjusted for sex/gender (men, women), age (years), annual household income (< $10,000; $10,000-$24,999; $25,000-$49,999; $50,000-$74,999; $75,000-$99,999; $100,000-$149,999; $150,000-$199,999; > $200,000), BMI (kg/m2), smoking status (never/ever/current), alcohol consumption (grams per day), energy intake (kcal per day), physical activity level (low/moderate/high), and self-reported history of high blood cholesterol (yes/no).