Table 3.

Overview of referenced studies investigating the association between epigenetic age and prenatal stress

References	Candidate genes	Method DNAm	Sample Size	Exposure, exposure sample size and timing (if available)	Outcome and timing	Tissue	Age and sex (if available)	Result*
[55]	Epigenetic age, longitudinal study	EPIC v1 array	505	Prenatal maternal anxiety, externalizing problems in offspring	DNAm in infants and children	Buccal	Children; aged 3, 9, 48 months, 6 and 10 years	Prenatal maternal anxiety associated with age acceleration; age acceleration associated with externalizing problems in boys
[73]	Epigenetic age	EPIC v1 array	60	Cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) in 3rd trimester	DNAm at birth	Cordblood	Newborns	Decreased epigenetic age acceleration in children associated with decreased CPR
[94]	Epigenetic age	450K array	407	Antenatal depressive symptoms	DNAm at birth	Cordblood	Newborns; 53% males	Decreased epigenetic age acceleration in children associated with maternal depressive symptoms

Studies are listed in alphabetical order; studies are cross-sectional if not stated otherwise

^*significance was defined differently throughout the studies