Table 1.

Summary of demographics

	ART Naïve PLWH (Naïve)	ART Experienced PLWH (Exp)	Healthy Controls (HC)	p-value
	(N=67)	(N=33)	(N=42)	Naïve vs Exp	Naïve vs HC	Exp vs HC
Arm				0.84	0.87	0.74
Rural	34 (50.7%)	16 (48.5%)	22 (52.4%)
Urban	33 (49.3%)	17 (51.5%)	20 (47.6%)
Sex				0.53	0.73	0.79
Female	39 (58.2%)	17 (51.5%)	23 (54.8%)
Male	28 (41.8%)	16 (48.5%)	19 (45.2%)
Age (years)	35 [19, 51]	46 [19, 64]	35.5 [18, 67]	<0.0001	0.69	<0.0001
BMI (kg/m^2)	22.7 [15.8, 33.4]	20.2 [14.6, 27.8]	22.6 [16.9, 35]	0.018	0.32	0.004
BMI Category				0.057	0.22	0.014
Severe Thinness <16.0	1 (1.5%)	2 (6.1%)	0 (0%)
Moderate Thinness <17.0	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (2.4%)
Mild Thinness <18.5	3 (4.5%)	5 (15.2%)	1 (2.4%)
Normal 18.5–24.9	51 (76.1%)	22 (66.7%)	28 (66.7%)
Overweight ≥25.0	10 (14.9%)	4 (12.1%)	10 (23.8%)
Obese ≥30.0	2 (3.0%)	0 (0%)	2 (4.8%)
CD4 T cells count (cells/μL)	257 [10, 824]	412 [77, 838]	NA [NA, NA]	0.001	NA	NA
CD4 T cells (%)	22.2 [0, 48.8]	36.7 [0.1, 55.7]	55.8 [27.8, 70.4]	0.00037	<0.0001	<0.0001
CD4/CD8 T cell ratio	0.3 [0, 1.3]	0.7 [0, 1.5]	1.7 [0.4, 3.3]	0.00069	<0.0001	<0.0001
ART exposure (years)	NA [NA, NA]	7 [1.8, 21.7]	0 [0, 0]	NA	NA	NA
Co-trimoxazole exposure (months)	0 [0, 7]	84 [0, 138]	0 [0, 0]	<0.0001	NA	NA
Viral Load (copies/mL)	26491 [36, 1159529]	0 [0, 103]	NA [NA, NA]	<0.0001	NA	NA
Both Visit				0.2	0.88	0.27
No	7 (10.4%)	1 (3.0%)	4 (9.5%)
Yes	60 (89.6%)	32 (97.0%)	38 (90.5%)

Clinical and demographic characteristics of the study population by cohort at the baseline visit. p-values were calculated using the Mann-Whitney U test. BMI categories were determined using the World Health Organization (WHO) standards [23]. NA represents values not collected/relevant to a particular cohort. Values are reported as the median with the minimum and maximum range in brackets