Table 1. Biologically active constituents of fenugreek and their pharmacological efficacy.

Active substances	Efficacy	References
Alkaloids	Hypoglycemic, antioxidant, neuroprotective, anti-migraine, antibacterial, antitumor	Zhou, Chan & Zhou (2012)
Amino Acids	Insulin stimulating activity, increasing insulin sensitivity	Ahmad et al. (2020)
Saponins	Anti-bacterial, anti-diabetes, heart protection, anti-cancer	Spandan et al., (2017)
Flavonoids	Antioxidant, anti-bacterial, hypoglycemic	Wang et al. (2019)
Phenolic acids and derivatives	Antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-bacterial	Yoshikawa et al. (1997), Grusak (2003)
Others	Regulatory functions	Hasanzadeh et al. (2010)