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. 2024 Feb 3;14:2832. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-53385-6

Table 1.

Characteristics of patients.

Parameters Mean/percentage
Sex
 (Male) 46% (88/190)
 (Female) 54% (102/190)
Age at diagnosis 69 ± 10
ISS stage
 Stage I 22% (41/190)
 Stage II 26% (49/190)
 Stage III 52% (100/190)
Isotype
 IgA k 15% (28/190)
 IgA λ 15% (28/190)
 IgG k 37% (71/190)
 IgG λ 20% (36/190)
 Light chain k 6% (13/190)
 Light chain λ 7% (14/190)
LDH U/L (normal range 50–250) 193 ± 91
Serum calcium mg/dL (normal range 8.6–10.21) 9.57 ± 1.03
Serum creatinine mg/dL (normal range 0.51–0.95) 1.55 ± 1.58
Monoclonal Component g/L 26.01 ± 20.42
Serum albumin g/L (normal range 35–52) 35.1 ± 6.39
β-2 Microglobulin mg/L (normal range 0.8–2.2) 7.50 ± 7.78
Bone marrow plasma cells (%) 45 ± 26
Hemoglobin g/dL (normal range 12–16 l) 11.11 ± 6.14
Hematocrit % (normal range 35–48) 32 ± 5.70
MCV fL (normal range 80–99) 91.83 ± 8.36
RDW-CV% (normal range 11–15) 15.77 ± 2.68