Table 1.
The traditional Chinese Medicine Formulas for Treatment of NAFLD
| Treatment principle | Chinese medicinal formula | Model | Mechanisms | Literature |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Removing dampness and turbidity | Fu Fang Zhen Zhu Formula | STZ injection combined with HFD- induced T2DM with NASH in mice | Activating the AMPK signaling pathway | [139] |
| Fu Fang Zhen Zhu Formula |
HFD-induced NASH in mice |
Inhibiting gut inflammation, improving intestinal barrier function, and modulating intestinal microbiota composition | [140] | |
| Liver-soothing and spleen-invigorating | Linggui Zhugan Decoction | HFD-induced NAFLD in rats | Reducing the m6A methylation levels of suppressor of SOCS2 | [142] |
| Linggui Zhugan Decoction | Patients with NAFLD | Increasing DNA N6-methyladenine modification of PPP1R3A and ATG3 | [143] | |
| Linggui Zhugan Decoction | HFD-induced NAFLD in mice | Inhibiting the STING signaling pathway | [144] | |
| Danshao Shugan Granules | Patients with NAFLD and HFD-induced NASH in rats | Increasing activity of superoxide dismutase and reducing NF‑κB activity | [145] | |
| Chaihu Shugan Powder | HFD-induced NAFLD in rats | Regulating miRNAs related to fatty acids metabolic process, such as miR-34a-5p, miR-146a-5p, miR-20b-5p and miR-142-3p | [146] | |
| Qinlian Hongqu Decoction | HFD-induced NAFLD in rats | Inhibiting the IRE1-α/IKKB-β/NF-κB signaling pathway | [147] | |
| Clearing heat and removing dampness | Yinchen Wuling Powder | HFD-induced NAFLD in rats | Increasing the abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria to reduce ammonia production and promote ammonia degradation | [148] |
| Gegen Qinlian Decoction | HFD-induced NASH in rats | Inhibiting the TLR4 signaling pathway | [149] | |
| Huangqin Decoction | HFD-induced NAFLD in rats | Blocking the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway | [150] | |
| Zexie-Baizhu Decoction | HFD-induced NAFLD in mice | Impeding lipogenesis including the SIRT1 and AMPK and promoting fatty acid oxidation | [151] | |
| Danshen Zexie Decoction | HFD-induced NAFLD in rats | Suppressing the ROS/NLRP3/IL-1β signaling pathway by activation of NRF2 | [152] | |
| Qige Decoction | HFD-induced NAFLD in rats | Reducing hepatic insulin resistance and triglyceride biosynthesis via the PPP1R3C/SIK1/CRTC2/SREBP1 signal axis | [153] | |
| Si Miao Formula | HFHS-induced NAFLD in mice | Modulating the gut microbiota composition and increasing the abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila | [154] | |
| Removing blood stasis and dispersing knots | Gexia Zhuyu Decoction | HFD-induced NAFLD in mice | Increasing miRNA-24 expression to decrease TRPM4 | [155] |
| Er Chen Decoction | HFD-induced NAFLD in rats | Regulating the gut microbiota and serum metabolism to inhibit oxidative stress and inflammation | [156] | |
| Qushi Huayu Decoction | HFD-induced NAFLD in rats | Downregulating intestinal MAPK pathway | [157] | |
| Qushi Huayu Decoction | HFD-induced NAFLD in rats | Regulating the gut microbiota to intervene in serum lipids | [158] | |
| Tianhuang Formula | HFD-induced NAFLD in mice | Reducing oxidative stress by increasing the abundance of Lactobacillus and its metabolite 5-MIAA to activate the NRF2 | [159] | |
| Sanhuang Tang | HFD-induced NAFLD in mice | Activating INSR/IRS1/AKT/FoxO1 pathway | [160] | |
| Tonifying spleen and kidney | Yiqi BuShen Tiaozhi Formula | HFD-induced NASH in mice | Regulating the expression of miRNAs, such as Mmu-let-7a-5p, mmu-let-7b-5p, mmu-let-7g-3p and mmu-miR-106b-3 | [161] |
| Yinchen Linggui Zhugan Decoction | HFD-induced NAFLD in rats | Inhibiting TNF signaling pathway | [162] | |
| Sini San | HFD-induced MAFLD in mice | Reducing YAP1 expression and lipid droplet accumulation | [163] | |
| Spleen-strengthening and liver-draining herbal Formula | NAFLD with patients | Regulating the disturbance of intestinal flora, especially Coprococcus, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136 group, and Ruminococcus genus | [164] |