Table 5.

Transcription factor as a biochemical marker in plants' adaptive response to various abiotic stress

Stress	Plant	Analytical Technique	Family/Loci	Mechanisms/process	References
Salinity	Triticum aestivum L.	qRT-PCR	Family: LOC100873097MYB3 Family: MYB4 LOC123099635 Family: MYB13 LOC123181226 Family: MYB59 LOC123063737	Increased TF expression stimulates the expression of other genes, including 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase, which improves salinity stress tolerance	Sukumaran et al. (2023)
Drought	Hordeum vulgare L.	DAP-seq and qRT-PCR	Family: NAC LOC123430376 Family: MYB LOC123426548 Family: bZIP LOC123398640 Family: AP2/ERF-ERF LOC123444167	Upregulation of TF increases resistance to salinity stress by activating the synthesis of polyphenols via the phenylpropanoid pathway	Wang et al. (2023b)
Drought	Citrus sinensis L.	qRT-PCR	Family: AP2/ERF Locus: MYC2_ARATH	Overexpression of the AP2/ERF TF in the leaves confers tolerance by regulating the expression of numerous drought-responsive genes	Ito et al. (2015)
Drought and Salinity	Oryza sativa L.	RNA-seq and qRT-PCR	Family: AP2/EREBP LOC4345697 Family: MYB Locus: LOC4346661 Family: bHLH Locus: LOC4343984 Family: NAC Locus: LOC4334553	Upregulation of various TF confers tolerance by increasing the expression of genes that regulate ABA and JA-mediated stress response pathways	Huang et al. (2014)
Cold	Oryza sativa L.	qRT-PCR	Family: bZIP LOC4325061	Upregulation of the ABF1 TF improves tolerance to cold stress by increasing trehalose accumulation and proline synthesis and decreasing electrolyte leakage	Shu et al. (2023)
Heavy metal stress (Arsenic)	Oryza sativa L.	qRT-PCR	Family: NAC3 LOC4342753	Over expression of SNAC3 TF in increased stress tolerance by regulating stress-related gene expression, osmolyte accumulation and activity of antioxidant enzymes	Pooam et al. (2023)