Table 6.

Transcription factor as a biochemical marker in plants' adaptive response to various biotic stress

Stress	Plant	Analytical Technique	Family/loci	Mechanisms/process	References
Fungi (Rhizoctonia solani)	Zea mays L.	RNA-seq	Family: NAC41 Locus: PWZ57351	Increased NAC41 TF expression improves resistance to fungal invasion by activating the SA-mediated defense mechanism	Cao et al. (2022)
Wounding	Oryza sativa cv. Nipponbare	Northern blot and qRT-PCR	Family: NAC6 Locus: AEO53058	Upregulation of TF increases tolerance to wounding by facilitating quick response to the biotic stimuli	Ohnishi et al. (2005)
Nematode (Globodera rostochiensis)	Solanum tuberosum L.	RNA-seq and qRT-PCR	Family: WRKY LOC102596618	Upregulation of WRKY TF improves tolerance to nematode attack by preventing ROS-induced cell death	Bairwa et al. (2023)
Insect (Nilaparvata lugens)	Oryza sativa L.	RT-qPCR	Family: MYC2 LOC4349484	MYC2 transcription factor expression enhances resistance against insects by activating the JA defense pathway via promoting the synthesis of mixed-linkage β-1,3;1,4-d-glucan (MLG), which, in turn, reinforces vascular wall thickness and activates the LECTIN RECEPTOR KINASE1–mediated (OsLecRK1) defense signalling	Dai et al. (2023)
Insect (Aphis glycines Matsumura)	Glycine max L.	RNA-seq and qRT-PCR	Family: AP2/ERF LOC102660503 Family: WRKY LOC100782726 Family: MYB Locus: MYB118	The induction of TF enhances resistance against aphid invasion by regulating crosstalk between JA and SA defense pathways and promoting callose deposition at insect-feeding sites	Yao et al. (2020)
Grapevine berry inner necrosis virus (GINV)	Vitis vinifera L.	qRT-PCR	Family: MYB LOC100254518	Upregulation of the MYB TF enhances resistance by suppressing the growth of the virus	Wang et al. (2023a)